Collections
of Abstracts of Annual Meeting of the
Location:
Date: August 29 and 30, 2002/07/27
1s@term@First number is date, and
followings are paper number
2rd English title
3rd
Affiliation
4th
Authors
5th
Abstract
29aA1
Induction Charging of Droplets by Vibrating Orifice Aerosol
Generator
Hokkaido Inst. Techonol.*,
Takashi SATO* and Yoji
NAKAJIMA**
A small cylindrical electrode is installed at the position of
the outlet hole of the head cover of a vibrating orifice aerosol generator. A
DC voltage is applied to it so as to induce electric charge on the tip of
liquid jet ejected from the earthed micro orifice. Then the liquid jet breaks
up to yield charged droplets. In the present experiment, the relation between
the droplet charge and the applied voltage to the cylindrical electrode, the
effect of streaming electrification on the average and the dispersion of the droplet
charge, and the effect of the gap between the orifice and the edge of the
cylindrical electrode have
been examined. The results show that
1) The amount of charge due to streaming electrification is
simply superimposed on the induced charge, and therefore, a linear relationship
between the droplet charge and the applied voltage holds.
2) The charge of the doublet droplets is exactly twice the
charge of the singlet.
3) The induced charge seems to take a simple relationship with
the location of the cylindrical electrode, but is very sensitive to the state
of jet.
29aA2
Nonlenear ionic-conductivity of
polyethylene oxide modified with a mesogenic group
and salt
Dept. of Polymer sci. &
Yoshiro TAJITSU
The purpose of our investigation is to analyze the mechanism of
ion conduction in polymer film using the results of nonlinear conductivity
measurements. In this paper, we report on the fabrication of a novel
polymer complex film using a salt and present the measurements of the frequency
spectra of linear and nonlinear complex conductivities. The temperature
range is from -80C to 80C and the frequency range is from 10 mHz to 10 MHz. Finally, we describe the results of
our analysis of the ion conduction mechanism in the new polymer complex
film. The outlines follows. On the basis of the existence of the
large dielectric relaxation and conductivity relaxation, we conclude that there
exists a microscopically inhomogeneous structure that affects ion transport
processes in in the new polymer complex film.
29aA3
Sulfuric Acid Treatment Effect on Surface Charge Decay and
Surface Resistivity of Ethylene/Styrene Copolymer
Film
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Nagoya
Institute of Technology
Yasuro HORI and Mikiya
A surface of ethylene(65 mol%)/styrene(35 mol%) copolymer film
was modified with sulfuric acid. For this film, the increase of surface charge
decay has been studied by measuring a series of two-dimensional distributions
with time. The decay of charge density on the treated film was faster than that
on untreated one, and the surface charges have decayed faster at higher
humidity than at lower humidity. The spreading of charges along the surface was
clearly observed, and this spreading is the cause of the observed decay of
charges. It was proved that the surface charges did not migrate into the bulk
of polymer nor evaporate into the air. When the sample film was more strongly
modified with sulfuric acid, the surface resistivity
could be measured, while the surface charges could not be observed. The resistivity was also dependent on the humidity and lower at
higher humidity. As an example of surface resistivity,
a value of 20000 Ά was observed at 40 % relative humidity.
29aA4
Visualization of Carrier Behavior by Transient Space Charge
Measurement
Naohiro HOZUMI*, Yuji MURAMOTO*, Masayuki NAGAO*, Kaori
FUKUNAGA** and Yuichi
HASHIMOTO***
Carrier species and their mobility are the most important
parameters among the electric properties of dielectric and semiconducting
materials. The Hall effect has widely been utilized in order to
measure the mobility of semiconducting materials, but
it is usually not available for dielectric materials, because their mobility is
generally too low to be measured by the Hall effect. The authors
has therefore proposed a new simple method for estimating carrier mobility
using a space charge measurement technique. In this method, the
change in time of the space charge profile under a bias voltage is observed
after applying a disturbance such as a superposed pulse
voltage. In this paper, we report the result of this
measurement on several organic materials.
29aA5
Phase Diagrams and Displacement Currents of Monolayers
on the Water Surface
Faculty of Textile Science and Technology,
Koki AMANO and Keiji OHARA
Phase diagrams (surface pressure-temperature relationship) were
constructed by detecting peculiar points in two-dimensional elasticity-area per
molecule curves for many monolayers which consist of
molecules with different polar groups bonded to -(CH2)16CH3 linear hydrocarbon
chains. Displacement currents generated during compression were compared with
the phase diagrams. As results, it seems that the variation in displacement
currents corresponds to structural transitions in monolayers.
29aA6
Charge Generation Mwchanism Based on a
Charge Transfer Reaction of Mechano-anions to Mechano-radicals =Effect of a yield of mechano-anion
on the substituents-
Masato SAKAGUCHI
"Mechanical fracture of polymers in the dark in vacuum at 77 K made them
homogeneous and heterogeneous scission of carbon-carbon bond of polymer main
chain, and produced macro-neutral free radicals (called mechano-radicals)(1)
and macro-anionic species (called mechano-anions).(2-5)
The mechano-anions were detected by an electron spin
resonance spectroscopy (ESR) using an electron trapping method with tetracyanoethylene (TCNE). Here we show that a yield of the
mechano-anion was increased with the degree of ionic
character of the carbon-carbon bond in the polymer main chain, in which the
ionic character is due to a substituent atom or group
attached to the carbon atom. Assuming that a charge separation on the friction
surface is induced by the electron transfer reaction from the mechano-anions as an electron donor to the mechano radicals as an electron accepter, the amount of
electric charges due to the mechanical fracture of poly tetrafluoroethylene)
(PTFE) in the dark in vacuum at 77 K was speculated as to be 1.110E-3 C/m2. The estimated value is identical with the
speculated maximum values on frictional electricity of polymers, 1.310E-3 (6) and 1.710E-3 (7) C/m2. The phenomenon that the amount of electric
charges of poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) due to
the friction is larger than that of PTFE can be explained by based on their
ionic yields.
29aA7
An Active Oxygen Generation from 12CaO₯7Al2O3 Surface
The
Masateru@NISHIOKA,@chensi@LEE,@Masayoshi@SADAKARA
Strong, high purity and sustainable atomic oxygen radical anion
(O-) emission has been observed from a synthesized microporous
crystal 12CaOE 7Al2O3
(named C12A7) surface. In the bulk of the C12A7, numerous of the oxide networks
(cages) are made up, where the anion O- and O2- can be stored with a
high capacity. O- emission of order of microampere per square centimeter from
the C12A7 surface has been obtained at extraction field over 1000 V/cm and
surface temperature of 800 C. The O- emission observed is very sensitive both
to the surface temperature and applied extraction field. The amount of O-
emission is limited by the amount of O-and O2- in cageC12A7.
However, by using modified C12A7, which has oxygen electrode, the successive O-
emission was demonstrated.
29aA8
Potential Distribution Around a Rectangular-Prism Electrode by
Using GA-Aided Charge Simulation Method Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Yuji SAIKI, Ryo NISHIMURA, Katsumi NISHIMORI and Naganori ISHIHARA
We have used genetic algorithm (GA) to decide an appropriate
arrangement of both fictitious charges and contour points in charge simulation
method (CSM). When polygonal-prism electrode is assumed, an electric
field diverges at each corner of the electrode. Because of this, a
contour point cannot be placed nor an electrical potential cannot be determined
at a corner of the electrode. In this paper, we calculated a
potential distribution around a rectangular-prism electrode above a grounded
plate electrode. In order to remove above inconvenient, each corner of
the rectangle is curved by using a sector with small radii. We describe
the positions of the fictitious charges in Cartesian coordinate system.
The x- and y-components of a charge position are described as genes. We
describe contour point position as a distances along with the outer edge of the
electrode cross section from a reference point, which is placed on a side of
the rectangle, and the distance is described as a gene. We assigned 30 charges
to an electrode with the size of 5 cm x 10cm. The electrode potential
error was about 1% and relatibely accurate solution
was obtained.
29pA1
Improvement of Charge of Powder Particles by Plasma Treatment in
Atmospheric Pressure
Takahiko WATARIC Toshiyuki NAGASAWA and Yuji MURATA
For the purpose of improving the charging characteristics lf
polymer powder, we carried out experiment of plasma treatment using two types
of discharge, corona and streamer corona discharge, in fluidezed
bed. Polyethylene powder of 150 Κm in size was used
for the sample. It was found that polyethylene powder tends to charge more
negatively by contact and friction with glass beads after the treatments by
both plasma and the streamer corona has stronger effect on the charging
characteristics of polyethylene powder than the corona discharge. From the
results obtained from the measurement of the specific of each particle, it was
clarified that almost all the particles were uniformly treated in the present
treatment.
29pA2
Uniformity of plasma treatment of polymer powder particles
Junichi Okubo and Yuji Murata
Plasma treatment is very effective to improve the
characteristics of contact and frictional charging of polymeric materials. In
order to apply the plasma treatment to polymer powder, it is most important to
use the method for treating all the particles uniformly. The purpose of the
present study is to investigate the uniformity of the plasma effect. In order
to carry out the experiment, polyethylene powder particles are put into a small
glass bottle which has a central bar electrode and a metal net electrode on the
outside of it. Powder particles are plasma treated in the bottle by ac plasma
generated between the two electrodes.
Using this system, the uniformity of plasma effect is measured
for the three cases; (1)
the glass bottle does not rotate, (2)the glass bottle rotates 10
revolutions per second, (3) the particles are mixed with larger glass beads and
the bottle rotates. By measuring the specific charge of each particle, it was
evident that in the last case almost the all particles are uniformly treated by
the plasma.
29pA3
Charge Storage in a Corona-charged Polypropylene Film Observed
by LIPP and TSDC Method
Department of Electronic Engineering,
Ryo ONO and Tetsuji ODA
The charge storage phenomena in a corona-charged polypropylene
(PP) film is studied. After a 50 um thick PP film is negatively charged, that
charge is measured by the laser induced pressure pulse (LIPP) and the thermally
stimulated discharge current (TSDC). The LIPP shows a large negative homocharge at the charged surface. Almost of the homocharge can be removed by dipping the PP film in
ethanol, while some amount of the homocharge still
remain in 5-8 um depth from the surface after the ethanol treatment. The
irrupted depth of the remaining homocharge increases
with charging temperature. When the PP film is charged at higher than 80 C, a
bulk charge is present inside the PP film. The TSDC spectrum shows not only homocharge but also heterocharge,
which is not observed by LIPP. The heterocharge is
formed on the charged surface when charged at room temperature. However, the heterocharge is formed also inside the sample when charged
at higher than 80 C.
29pA4
Change in Charging Characteristics of Polyethylene Surface by
Streamer
Yusuke ONODA, Yuji MURATA
The charging characteristics of polyethylene surface are highly
changed negative by streamer corona-treatment. The streamer corona has more
expensive effect on charging the charge generation by contact and friction in a
shorter processing time than the case of ordinary corona treatment because of
the high concentration electric power on the sample surface
29pA5
Charging Characteristics of Polyethylene by N2 Plasma Treatment
and Effect of Residual Ga
Tokyo Univ. of Science Hiroteru YANO, Changrag CHOI and Yuji MURATA
The characteristics of polymer surface can be changed by plasma
treatment. Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) film treated by N2 plasma showed
positive or negative charging tendencies depending on the experimental
condition. From the results obtained by N2 plasma treatment using ultra-high
vacuum system, it was found that charging characteristics is affected by the
residual gas, especially O2 concentration.
29pA6
Streaming Electrification between various Solid Materials and
Insulating oil
Mitsubishi Elebtiric Corporation
Hiroyoshi KITABAYASHI, Kosei
TSUJI and Keiichi ITOH
It is a known fact that streaming electrification takes place
between solid insulators andinsulating oil flowing in
a transformer. In large capacity HV transformers, the streaming electrification
can cause high magnitude electrostatic discharges. In order to achieve highly
reliable transformers, it is important to understand the streaming
electrification phenomenon in transformers. We therefore measured the
electrostatic charging tendency of one type of insulating oil flowing on the
surface of plates made of several kinds of metals and insulating materials.
From these experiments, we obtained the following results. The streaming lectrification of the insulating oil depended on work
functions of the solid materials. When the difference in the work function
between the each material and the insulating oil was large, the charge density
in the insulating oil was large. The equivalent work function of the insulating
oil was about 4.0 - 4.5 eV.
29pA7
Influence of Partial Discharge Pattern on Internal Surface
of an Artificial Cavity on Tree Initiation Properties
*Department of Radiological Technology,
*Kuniharu IMAI and **Yukihiro
KINOSHITA
In this paper, we discussed relationship between partial
discharge on inner surface of an artificial void and tree initiation from its
tip. The tree initiation occurs in area where negative charges are accumulated.
Voltage dependence of time to tree initiation from an artificial void (V-t
characteristic) was obtained. This ependence is
realized as linear characteristics which bend at some applied voltages. Each
linear characteristic is expressed as logt=-nlogV+logA (A:constant number),
which is called a life power low. As an interesting point, the V-t
characteristics become discontinuous at 12kV. This is because partial discharge
patterns on inner surface of the void change from Polbuschel
type to Gleitbuschel type according to the increase
in applied voltage. Shape parameters deduced from Weibull
probability distribution of the time to the tree initiation were obtained. When
the partial discharge pattern was Polbuschel type,
the shape parameters were divided into three different values;
m<1(early/random failure type) in low voltages, m>1(fatigue failure type)
in high voltage. Also the transition voltages of the shape parameters
correspond to those of exponents n in V-t characteristics. On the other hand,
when the partial discharge pattern is Gleitbuschel
type, the shape parameters are divided into two different values; in m>1 low
voltage, m<1 in high voltage. Therefore it is apparent that the mechanism of
the tree initiation from an artificial void is governed by amplitudes of
applied voltages and the partial discharge pattern.
29pA8
Restriction of Tree Degradation by Additive of Aromatic Compound
Faculty of Education,
Megumi ISHIGAKI and Yoshiaki YAMANO
The aromatic compound was added to LDPE with the concentration
of 0.5wt% to restrict the tree propagation in LDPE. The compound used
were anthracene and 9,10 Bromo-anthracene.
AC(50Hz) high voltage was applied to a needle electrode inserted to LDPE block
with the additive. The experimental results show that the tree inception
voltage for the specimen with anthrasene is 2.5 or
3.5 times higher than that for the specimen without additive. The
propagation of tree in LDPE at the tree inception voltage is restricted by the
addition of the compound. The number of pulse in the PD current due to
the tree generation is also decreased by the addition of the compound.
The number of the pulse in the LDPE with anthracene
is 0.2-0.3 times less than that in the LDPE without the additive.
29pA9
Aging on inner surface of an artificial void exposed to partial
discharge
Yukihiro KINOSHITA*, Kuniharu IMAI**
and Yoshihiro HIRAISHI*
In this paper, we discussed degradation process of polymer
caused by partial discharge in an artificial void which improved on Whitehead abc model. Size of aging area on inner surface of the
artificial void increases with time and becomes constant. After that, the size
of the aging area increases steadily. A residual charge distribution (Dust
Figure) on the inner surface of the artificial void was obtained using copy-toner
which attaches to negative charges. The size of the residual charge
distribution increases dramatically and then levels out Tree initiates when the
size of the aging area corresponds to that of the residual charge distribution.
In order to these results, time variation in charges of maximum discharges and
the number of partial discharge pulses in the artificial void were measured.
The charges of maximum discharges are almost constant regardless of time under
application of constant voltages. On the other hand, time variation in the
number of partial discharge pulses in the artificial void is similar to the
change of the aging area size. This result confirmed the number of the partial
discharge pulses concerns deeply with formation of the aging area on the inner
surface of the artificial void.
29aB1
Benzen Decomposition using Ozone and MnO2
Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry
Naohiko GOTO and Satoshi KUDO
MnO2 decomposes O3 and produces O atom. O
atom decomposes C6H6. In this study, C6H6 decomposition
has been investigated using O3 and MnO2. The C6H6
in the N2 is mixed with O3 produced by the ozonizer. When the
mixed gas passes through MnO2, the C6H6 is
decomposed. The amount of C6H6 decomposition
increases with increasing amounts of O3. From the check of
mass balances of C, H, and O, we found that O3 effectively
decomposes C6H6 into CO, CO2, and H2O.
29aB2
Removal of Formaldehyde by DC Streamer Corona Discharge
Karol Hensel, Kazunori Takashima and
Akira Mizuno
Formaldehyde (HCHO) is an air pollutant, which contributes to
the formation of photochemical pollution. In addition, chronic or acute
exposure to formaldehyde (an anticipated carcinogen) constitutes an important
health hazard. Decomposition of formaldehyde by non-thermal plasma of DC
streamer corona discharge was studied experimentally. A combination of plasma
and catalyst for improvement of the decomposition was partially investigated
too.
29aB3
Removal of Fluorocarbons by Surface Discharge Plasma Reactor
with Catalyst and Various Additives
*National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and
Technology **
Atsushi OGATA*, Hyun-Ha KIM*, Hajime KINOSHITA*, Shigeru
FUTAMURA*, Satoshi KUSHIYAMA* and Koichi MIZUNO**
The decomposition of 1% fluorocarbons in Ar
was investigated using a surface-discharge type plasma reactor. In particular,
in order to enhance the effectiveness of plasma chemical processing, we
investigated the effects of catalyst packed in the reactor and second gases
added in the reactant. Removal efficiency increased in the plasma reactor
packed with TiO2 pellets, whereas no positive effect was observed
with Al2O3 or S-Al2O3 pellets.
Furthermore, removal efficiency was also enhanced when the additive gases such
as water, oxygen, and hydrogen introduced to the carrier gas (Ar). The presence of TiO2 and/or a second gas
depressed the formation of byproducts. From product distributions, it was
suggested that those enhancement effects were caused by preventing the
recombination of decomposed fragments.
29aB4
Destruction of Perfluoro Compounds by
Atmospheric Pressure Plasma
Yasutaka INANAGA*, Koji OHOTA*, Noboru WADA*, Masashi DOI*, Kiyohiko YOSHIDA** and Masaki KUZUMOTO*
We estimated the abatement of perfluoro
compound (CF4) by a microwave induced thermal plasma and a narrow gap
silent discharge under an atmospheric pressure experimentally. The
destruction efficiency by thermal plasma (2.8X10(2)eV/molecule)@was over ten times higher than that by silent discharge
in the case of the nitrogen@dilution.
Near 100% abatement was proved by microwave induced plasma under the wide flow
rate range.
29aB5
Effective Combination of Nonthermal Plasma and Catalyst
*National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and
Technology
Atsushi OGATA, Hajime KABASHIMA, Hisahiro EINAGA, Shigeru FUTAMURA,
Satoshi KUSHIYAMA and Hyun-Ha KIM
The effective combination of plasma energy and solid surface
properties was investigated using packed-bed type catalyst-hybrid and
adsorbent-hybrid reactors that were packed with the mixture of BaTiO3
pellets and other ceramic pellets (catalyst or adsorbent). The plasma reactor
using catalysts indicated the improvement of CO2 selectivity and the
suppression of N2O formation compared with the reactor packed with
BaTiO3 alone. Furthermore, the catalyst and adsorbent positions in
plasma reactor were very important for the induction of surface reaction on the
packed materials. It was found that the catalysts and adsorbent in the plasma
reactor were useful in changing product selectivity and enhancing energy
efficiency.
29aB6
Flue Gas Treatment og Semiconductor
Process using Inductively Coupled Plasma
Dept.Energy Systems
Tomoyuki KUROKI*, Junko
MINE*, Noboru SAEKI**, Masaaki OKUBO* and Toshiaki YAMAMOTO*
CF4 decomposition was investigated at low pressure (~53 Pa)
using the inductive coupled plasma (ICP) reactor, which can be used to generate
remote plasma in wafer etching process and to clean the chamber. When the total
flow rate was below 0.26 SL/min, more than 90% of CF4 decomposition
efficiency was achieved with O2/CF4=1.1, p=40 Pa and
Power=1.2 kW. However, when the total flow rate exceeded 0.26 SL/min, the CF4
decomposition efficiencies decreased. More than 1.25 kW was required in order
to achieve the complete CF4 removal when the total flow rate was
0.24 SL/min, O2/CF4=1.1 and p= 40
29aB7
Generation@of Hydrogen
from Methane and Water in a Dielectric-Barrier Discharge-Plasma System
Daido Steel Co.,Ltd.
Kanji IRIE and Takayoshi
The decomposition of CH4 was investigated in a
dielectric-barrier discharge-plasma system. To generate much quantitative
hydrogen, there arose the necessity of big flow rate and high concentration of
source gas, but It loses hydrogen yield according to increasing of flow rate
and concentration. At first it is considered due to the shortage of
reaction volume. But volume dependency can not be improved for 10, 14.5 , 50
diameter reactor. In addition, to expand to long size and volume, double
layered plasma developed failed to increase hydrogen yield. Only corona adopted
and arc adopted reactor showed preferable yield. Focus ring attached arc system
named micro arc jet (MAJ) in which gas flow along electrode methane molecule
move at speed of 100 cm/sec when flow rate is 1L/min. And, reaction time can be
estimated to be shorter than 3msec. it saved expense of electric power from 200
W to 20 W. It is notable 3 W generates 16.5 W for fuel cell.. it is observed
that the curve of flow rate dependency is obviously refined by using Cascade.
29aB8
Steam Reforming of Hydrocarbons with Nonthermal Plasma
National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
Shigeru FUTAMURA, Hajime KABASHIMA and Hisahiro EINAGA
Steam reforming of methane, ethane, propane, and neopentane was investigated withtwo
types of nonthermal plasma reactors. With a ferroelectricpacked-bed
reactor (FPR) in N2, almost the same conversions were obtained for ethane,
propane, and neopentane, but methane wasless reactive than these hydrocarbons. Hydrogen
gas yield decreased in the order: methane i ethane > propane > neopentane.
The molar ratio of H2 to CO {[H2]/[CO]} exceeded 3.5 for allthe hydrocarbons. [H2]/[CO] did not change in the
range of H2O content from 0.5 % to 2.5 %. At the volumetric ratio of H2Oto
Hydrocarbon = 2.0, carbon balances were poor for ethane, propane, and neo|
, but almost all of the
carbon atoms in the reactedmethane were recovered as
CO and CO2. The selectivities of COand CO2 depended on the chemical structures of
the substrate hydrocarbons. It is considered that the water-gas-shift
reaction proceeds backward for the reaction systems of hydrogen-rich
hydrocarbons. FPR maintained the same performance for 10 h in the steam
reforming of methane. The efficiency of a silent discharge plasma reactor
was much lower than that of FPR.
29aB9
The Role of Gas-phase Reaction in TiO2 Photo Catalyst
The photocatalytic degradation of
Ethylene and Trichloroethylene(TCE) were studied. The ultraviolet and titanium
dioxide (TiO2) was simultaneously utilized to promote their
decompositions. As the results, the main reaction of TCE decomposition is the
gas-phase reaction by ultraviolet and Ethylene decomposition is surface
reaction on photocatalyst. Trichloroethylene promote
Ethylene decomposition by surface reaction on photocatalyst.
When the ultraviolet irradiated on surface of TiO2 particles,
components of decomposed Trichloroethylene promote Ethylene decomposition. The
decomposition reaction of Trichloroethylene was not a chain reaction in
gas-phase.
29aB10
Odor Removal and Regeneration of Filter using Nonthermal Plasma
Dept.Energy Systems
Shinsuke UMEI*, Yoshihumi MORITA*, Noboru SAEKI**, Tomoyuki
KUROKI*, Masaaki OKUBO* and Toshiaki YAMAMOTO*
Hydrophilic monomers are graft-polymerized to the surface of the
cloth after the plasma application. The characteristics of the cloth changes to
breathe moisture and to increase the adsorption of offensive odor
simultaneouslyDIn the
present studyCan improved
method for preparing this functional cloth and experimental results of moisture
and odor control properties are studied using a typical odor component NH3DMoreover, the regeneration characteristics of the cloth
used for bag filter was investigatedDAs a resultCthe
adsorption efficiency was significantly improved with plasma application and
regeneration of odor removed characteristics of the cloth was confirmedD
29pB1
NOxOxidation/Reduction by Magnetized
Trench Type Dielectric Barrier Discharges
Dept. of Engineering Physics,
Kuniko URASHIMA*, John W. HOARD** and Jen-Shih CHANG*
An experimental investigation has been conducted to enhance
plasma catalytic NO oxidation and reduction by trench type electrode dielectric
barrier discharge (DBD) reactors with and without external magnetic fields. In
a trench type DBD reactor, the discharge occurs at sharp edges near barrier
electrode and major chemical reactions take place at ditch space between each
triangle. Therefore, electrons only contributed radical generations but not
destruct radicals in afterglow regions, hence, effectively used in ozonizer
applications. On the other hand, an electron motion also can be controlled by a
magnetic field (>0.01T) in atmospheric gas pressure and many attempts have
been applied to control corona and barrier discharges. Experiments were
conducted for applied voltage from 0 to 17kV, operating frequency 60 and 7kHz
and gas flow rate from 1 to 10 LPM with and without 0.1T permanent magnets
under simulated exhaust gases. The results show that the effective input energy
to non-thermal plasma increases with applied voltage, operating frequency and
magnetic field intensity and hence the energy efficiency of NO
oxidation/reduction increases with these parameters.
29pB2
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering,
Narukaki SATO*, Tomoyoshi SUMI*,
Seiji
NO density profiles in DC streamer coronas have been
investigated by laser induced fluorescence method. It was found that NO moleculeconcentration decreased not only in the plasma
region created by the@streamers but
also in the upstream region of the discharge. In this study,@in order to further investigate the upstream region of
the reactor, wider@LIF images
were acquired that had a LIF observation area corresponding to@the 34cm-long by 5cm-height. As a result, it was found
that NO depletion@region spread
over an upstream region with a distance that is a few times of@the gap distance. This was due to the higher velocity of
the secondary flow, which squeezed the main gas flow with low velocity.
29pB3
Simultaneous Treatment of Soot and NOx by SPCP Reactor
Faculty of Engineering,
Nobuo HARADA, Tatsushi
We developed an efficient apparatus for gas treatment in which a
ceramic filter and SPCP (Surface corona discharge induced Plasma Chemical
Process) were combined. SPCP is a method to activate a gas-phase chemical
reactions with surface discharge plasma. This method has some advantages such
as stability even under atmospheric pressure and at room temperature, and
simplicity of the reactor structure, and the apparatus constructions. In
this study, the applicability and possibility of this method to treatment of
soot and NOx simultaneously were examined. It was confirmed that soot and
NOx could be removed effectively, simultaneously, and complementary. This
measns that NO2 works as the oxidizer of soot in this
simultaneous treatment of soot and NO2, and therefore soot was
oxidized to the CO2 and CO.
29pB4
Characteristics of NOx Concentration by Zeolite
and NOx Decomposition by Microwave Thermal Plasma
Mitsubishi Electric Corp. Advanced
Masato KURAHASHI, Koji OHTA and Masaki KUZUMOTO
Breakthrough characteristics of NO2 adsorption by H-Y
high-silica zeolite@have been studied. H-Y zeolite is
reactivated by heating and decreasing@pressure. Desorption gases are
concentrated 14,000 times. Then@characteristics of NOx decomposition by microwave thermal plasma
have been@studied. NO2
with a concentration of 20% is decomposed into nitrogen and@oxygen and decreases to 4%. The energy consumption is
approximately@15eV/molecule.
29pB5
Oxidation of SO2 by Using the Hybrid Reactor of Plasa and Catalyst for New Dry Desulfurization
Process
Ecological Engineering,
HeeJoon KIM*, Yuhei SAKAGUCHI** and Wataru MINAMI*
To find out a new dry-type desulfurization
process with high efficiency and cost performance, a hybrid type reaction
process combining pulsed streamer corona plasma and TiO2 catalyst
was developed in order to oxidize SO2 to SO3. Experiments
of V2O5EK2OETiO2 surface-reaction with/without plasma was performed
to increase oxidation rate. Experimental results show that the oxidation
fraction of SO2 to SO3 in the catalytic surface reaction
is increased significantly, when plasma was applied to the reaction zone. The
oxidation fraction is decreased by adding H2O of above 0.2% by volume. Hydrogen
peroxide was not promoting oxidation fraction in comparison to the addition of
H2O.
29pB6
Numerical Simulation of NO Decomposition by Streamer Discharge
in N2 at Atmospheric Pressure
Department of Electrical Engineering,
Go YAMADA, Kazuo SHIMIZU ad Tetsuji ODA
Non-thermal plasmas are effective in decomposing toxic gaseous
contaminants in air or combustion gas. However the physical properties of
non-thermal plasmas are not yet sufficiently understood. The streamer propagation
in $N_2$ and $NO$ decomposition phenomena were investigated by using the
one-dimensional numerical simulation technique. Light emission of
second positive band (SPB) and first negative band (FNB) were displayed. Generation
of a large amount of N@radicals was
simulated in the streamer head, while low energy level excited species such as N2(AR\°u+ are made on the surface of each
electrode. Decomposition of NO by N radicals were well demonstrated.
29pB7
Reduction of NO3 on Wet Type Plasma Discharge Using Fe Electrode
Keita SAITO, Youhei KINOSHITA, Naoki
OKUMURA, Kazunori TAKASHIMA, Shinji KATSURA and Akira MIZUNO
NO3- is reduced by electrolysis using Fe electrode in
acid condition, and NH4+ is roduced. In this paper,
NO3- reduction was carried out by discharge plasma using Fe plate.
The underwater discharge reduced NO3- more than the discharge over liquid
surface. Concentration of NH4+ in solution changed with size of the
Fe plate. NH4+ was reduced from NO3- by the discharge
plasma more effectively than electrolysis. Using Al plate and Cu plate on the
contrary, NO3- was not reduced to NH4+.
29pB8
Regeneration of Ciesel Particulate
Filter using Nonthermal Plasma without Catalyst
Dept. Energy Systems
Masaaki OKUBO, Takayuki MIYASHITA, Tomoyuki
KUROKI, Shinichi MIWA* and Toshiaki YAMAMOTO
The regulation for the automotive diesel engine emission becomes
severe every year, and it is difficult to meet the requirement only by the
combustion improvement techniques in the near future. More effective
post-processing technology is desired especially on particulate matter (PM),
such as carbon soots. Although the use of ceramic
diesel particulate filter (DPF) is now a leading technology for PM removal, the
problem exists on the soot removal or regeneration at low temperature,
especially at the cold start. In the present study, a regeneration of DPF with
collected PM was investigated using the low temperature atmospheric pressure
nonthermal plasma. The method is to use the NO2 and radicals induced
by the plasma reactor to burn carbon soots deposited
on DPF. First, three types of DPF plasma reactors were made and the
performances on the conversion of NO to NO2 were evaluated on
various conditions. Next, a regeneration experiment was carried out using a
barrier type pulse corona plasma reactor. As a result, it was confirmed that
the pressure difference decreased only when the plasma was turned on and the
regeneration of DPF was realized less than 250C
29pB9
Nox Removal Using Discharge Plasma and Electric Conduction
Zhenzhou SU, Jun SAWADA,
Kazunori TAKASHIMA, Shinji KATSURA and Akira MIZUNO
A novel reduction process for deNOx
was investigated in this study. The reactor was consisted by two part; the
discharge plasma reactor and the adsorption cell. The NO was oxidized to NOx
using the pulsed discharge plasma. Then, the removal of NOx was realized by the
adsorption to the ganma alumina and the alkali metal.
To keep the activity of the adsorbents, a method using the electric conduction
was tested in this work. In the NOx oxidation process, about 70% to 90% of NO
(initial concentration of 400ppm) was oxidized to NO2 by the pulsed discharge
plasma with the specific input energy of 45J/L, and about 95% of NO2 was
adsorbed on the adsorbents. When the DC voltage was applied to the wet
adsorbents, the nitrate ion was moved to the anode side of the absorption cell
by the electric conduction, and the sodium ion was moved to the cathode side.
29aC1
A Capacitive Type of Electrostatic Induction Spraying Nozzle
School of Electronic & Electrical Engineering, Kyungpook National Univ., * National Agricultural
Mechanization Research Institute, ** Dept. of Agricultural Machinery
Engineering, Chungbuk National Univ.,
Jong-Hoon
Lee, Jae-Duk Moon, *Tae-Gyoung
Kang, *Dong-Hyeon Lee, and **Kwang-Seok Yon
Many toxic pesticides are dispensed for the protection of food
crops from pests in farm fields. Greater than 90% of pesticides are commonly
applied as aqueous-based sprays. When dispensed with conventional nozzles, a
large portion of the spray is often lost as airborne drifts of droplets. In
addition, there is a lack of deposition onto the plants due to the rapid
gravitational settling of droplets beneath the soil surface. Thus, target
deposition efficiencies poorer than 25% are often encountered in agricultural
pesticides. An electrostatic spraying technology offers a very favorable means
of increasing pesticide droplet deposition onto biological surfaces of living
crops
In this paper, a new capacitive type of electrostatic spraying
nozzle, which utilizes a ring induction electrode installed on the outside of a
nozzle frame cone and a pulsed voltage, is proposed and studied experimentally.
The results of this study indicate that the proposed capacitive type of
electrostatic spraying nozzle showed a large current deposition of aqueous
sprays on the sample target. Thus, it has promise to be applied as an effective
electrostatic spraying nozzle.
29aC2
Thermally Stimulated Current Spectra of Hot Pressed Powder Paint
Compacts
Masayuki@KARASHIMA@and@Kazuo IKEZAKI
We Examined thermally stimulated current(TSC) spectra of
commercial powder paints compacts which were pressed at a compacting pressure
of 0.16MPa under different compacting temperatures ranging from 50 to 100. Observed TSC spectra have a large band BH peaked around 70 for relatively low compacting temperatures, while the
peak temperature of this BH band shifted to the low temperature side and a new
TSC band BL appeared around 50 when the compacting temperature increased. The peak temperature
of the new TSC band corresponds to that of the melt-cast sample at 110. The newly observed TSC band BL was explained in terms
of inter-particle polymer chain diffusion.
29aC3
Free Ion Absorption Characteristics of an Irrigated Grid Using
for Absolute Measurement of Q/M Ratio of Charged Paint Particles from
*Zao ES Laboratory,@**Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering,
Tokyo University of
Agriculture and Technology,@***I. D. P., Inc. "
Mitsuru MATSUI*, Koichi FUJIBAYASHI** and Tsutomu
ITO***
A stream of paint particles blown from corona charged powder
applicator is accompanied by a lot of free ions generated from corona
discharge. To realize absolute measurement of charge to mass ratio of the
particles, therefore the free ions must be removed from the stream before these
arrive to the particle collector. This paper describes design of a grid
electrode to extract the free ions from the stream and its ion absorption
characteristics. The grid electrode is made of stainless steel wires of
0.3 mm in diameter and arranged in parallel at uniform intervals of 10 mm, and
whose each wire is irrigated with water so as to remove the powder particles
deposited on its surface
29aC4
Stabilization of Characteristics of Electrostatic Separation
System of a PET Bottle in the Form of FlakesTokyo
Metropolitan Industrial Technology Research Institute
Yasuo TONOYA, Katsumi YAMAMOTO and Hiroshi
SHIGEMATSU Waste PET bottles are converted into PET flakes as
recycling materials in processing industry. Waste PVC bottle flakes are
generally mixed into waste PET bottle flakes as an impure ingredient. It is
indispensable for recycling PET bottles flakes to remove PVC bottles flakes
from the mixed plastic waste. The authors made the electrostatic separation
system of a PET bottle flakes. The electrostatic chargeability of plastics is
influenced by environmental conditions, such as relative humidity. When the
relative humidity in the working room of the electrostatic separation system
increases more than 60%R.H., the charge quantities of flakes decrease. As the
result, the separating efficiency falls drastically. The prevention methods
against the lowering of separaing efficiency are
discussed. We tried to dehumidify the wet atmosphere in the working room by
operating dehumidifieres, and the separating
efficiency has been improved. When the relative humidity of atmosphere is
controlled under 45%R.H., the extract content is over 99.99% and the recovery
is over 70%.
29aC5
Experimental Study of Pearl-chain Adhesion Phenomenon in
Electrostatic Field Experimental
Study of Pearl-chain Adhesion Phenomenon in Electrostatic Field
Dalian University of Technology*, @Toyohashi Univ. of Technology**
Guofeng LI *, Kazunori TAKASHIMA**, Shinji KATSURA**, Arkira MIZUNO **
Using the electrostatic force of forming pearl-chain, the
adhesion of Al2O3 fine powder (average particle diameter 0.3 Κm) in the form of pearl-chain to the surface of a metal
mesh and an Al2O3 substrate (10 mm~10 mm~5 mm in size ) was experimentally
studied. The results showed that the adhering process of pearl-chain to the
material surface could be controlled using electrostatic force, and it is
possible to fabricate ceramic membrane utilizing the pearl-chain adhesion
phenomenon. Keywords: electrostatic force, adhesion, pearl-chain
29aC6
DPE liquid actuation and nanodroplet
formation in insulating oil
Toba National College of Maritime Technology*, Univ. og
Tomohito ITO* and T. B. JONES**
The dielectrophoretic(DEP) force acting
on a liquid provides a controllable means for rapid movement and dispensing of
small liquid volumes on a substrate. DEP microactuation
@of liquids
requires strong non-uniform rf electric fields
created by co-planar electrodes. Microliter
volume of water deposited on an insulating layer that covers the coplanar
electrodes are transported and subdivided into droplets as small as 1`5 nl by sequences of voltage
on and off. Experiments are conduced using substrates having the
electrodes immersed in transformer oil. Observation of movement of
water and droplet formation is made in various field conditions.
The minimum voltage for DEP actuation of water in oil is 65-70% of that in the
dry condition, and nanoliter droplets are
formed. Evaporation of transporting liquid and formed droplets are also
avoided.
29aC7
Mixture of Minute Solutions in a pl Order Droplet by Use of
Electrostatic Force
Osamu YOGI and Tomonori KAWAKAMI
It is an important technique to mix minute solutions in a
droplet in the field of combinatorial chemistry. However, the smaller droplet,
it is more difficult to mix solutions homogeneously due to surface influence.
To solve this problem, a novel technique for mixture of minute solutions in a
pl order droplet on a substrate by use of electrostatic force was developed.
First, one of the solutions is pulled out of a nozzle utilizing electrostatic
force, and forms a jet. The jet reaches a substrate, and an initial droplet is
formed. Next, a jet of another solution is formed, and collides with the
initial droplet. Thus, the interior of the mixture droplet is well stirred. The
technique is also applicable to mixture of solutions with high viscosity. We
demonstrated the experiment in mixture of rhodamine B
solution and fluorescein solution. These dye
components were dissolved in a medium composed of glycerine
(50 %) and water (50 %), of which viscosity was ~20 times of water. The rhodamine B solution (0.67 pl) and the fluorescein
solution (0.71 pl) were mixed, and mixture droplet (1.38 pl) was formed.
Observing a fluorescence image of the droplet, It was confirmed that the
solutions were mixed homogeneously.
"
29aC8
Dielectrophoretic Droplet Formation and
Fusion
Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo,
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of
Rochester Masahide GUNIJI,
T.B.Jones and Masao Washizu
"We report dielectrophoretic
(DEP) actuation of microliter sized aqueous liquid.
The liquid, dispensed on co-planer electrodes structure, flows rapidly along
the gap of the electrodes by DEP force when rf
voltage is
applied. Nano-liter sized droplets
formation is achieved using DEP liquid actuation and capillary instability. We
demonstrate an on-chip micro liquid mixing device for combinatorial chemistry
in which n kinds of samples and m kinds of reagents are first sub-divided into nano-liter volume using liquid DEP, and then electrically
fused to obtain n x m product simultaneously."
29aC9
Formation of Low Reflectance Surface by Using Electrostatic
Flocking
Chiba Institute of Tecnology
Shunsuke TERASHIMA, Tsutomu
ISAKA, Tomonao HAYASHI and Yasuo
SEKII
In designing the equipments used in the space, the thermal
design of apparatus is an important subject. Since the heat transfer in space
is taken placed by radiation, the development of surfaces having absorptance similar to the black body is required. One of
the promising methods of creating black body surface is a method of forming surface
by electrostatic flocking. In the present research the possibility of forming
black body surface by electrostatic flocking was investigated. Using an
experimental set up having a pair of metal electrode with 5cm gap spacing, an
experiment was performed applying 20kV DC voltage. The obtained carbon
fiber-flocked surface was observed using scanning electron microscope,
demonstrating that the electrostatic flocking is a feasible method of forming
black body surface.
29aC10
Development of Recovering Technique from the Micro-array by
Using Laser Impulsion
Shohei OSHIMA, Michihiko NAKANO, Kazunori TAKASHIMA, Shinji
KATSURA and Akira MIZUNO
Recovering technique without using micropipettes or other
conventional tools from micro-arrays was developed. This technique
employs laser impulsion phenomenon. Applying a laser beam(YAG pulse
laser, Ι=1064nm, 800mJ) to the bottom of the well which is filled with DNA
solution(pUC19 DNA contained) of the micro-arrays causes partial evaporation,
and push out from the well. As a result, damage of DNA in solution was
not observed in this experiment. Because laser impulsion is occurred only a
part of solution, and in a very short time, therefore it seemed that damage of
double strands structure of DNA by heat or shock caused by laser impulsion is
not occurred.
29pC1
Electron Emission Properties of Carbon NanotubesSynthesized
by Chemical Vapor Deposition
Dept. of Electronic Engineering, The
Sunwoo LEE and Tetsuji ODA
Electron emission properties of multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) films synthesized by thermal hemical vapor deposition (CVD) method were studied. The
diameter of synthesized carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are
from 30 to 80 nm. The size and the amount of CNT were strongly dependent
on the size distribution of Ni catalyst particles which were deposited on the
substrate surface. It was found that the pre-process of the Ni deposited
substrate was very effective in controlling the Ni-size distribution.
Those pre-processes are being dipped in hydro-fluoric solution or being exposed
to ammonia gas. As the electron emission test, a Ti metal electrode
coated with CNTs was tested as the emitter (cathode)
at 5L10 -5 Torr. The average turn-on field is
4.6V/mm for 100mm gap between a CNT-coated cathode and a pure Ti anode.
The Fowler-Nordheim type current was recognized.
29pC2
Preparation of ZnO Thin Film Varistor by sol-gel process and It's Electric Properties
Dept.of Electrical and Electronic Engineering,
Tomoyuki WATANABE and Noboru
YOSHIMURA
We have prepared ZnO-Pr6O11 coating thin film on an aluminum
oxide substrate by sol-gel process using (CH3COO)2ZnE2H2O as the primary material, Pr6O11 as the doping
agent. Then we measured the characteristics of ZnO-Pr6O11 based thin film varistor. ZnO-Pr6O11 based thin film varistor sintered at 1200 for 2 hours showed the varistor
properties.
29pC3
An Equivalent circuit for Zinc Oxide Varistors
Dept. of Electrical and Electronic Engineering,
Mahmudul KABIR, Masafumi SUZUKI and Noboru YOSHIMURA
After sanding of some ZnO varistors' surfaces, we observed their internal structures
by SEM. We measured the electrical capacity properties. The observed varistor voltage was 13.50[V] for the sample sintered at 1320 in air. Considering varistor's
characteristics and measured electric properties; we made an equivalent circuit
for the sample with a normal distribution value for the resistance of the grain
boundary. The equivalent circuit was analyzed by PSpice
Circuit Simulator.
29pC4
Preparation of LSGM Films for Fuel Cells by Pulsed Laser
Deposition(U)
Venture business Laboratory,
Fumiaki MITSUGI*, Seiji
Perovskite type (La,Sr)(Ga,Mg,Co)O3 has a
potential for solid electrolyte of solide oxide fuel
cell because of its high oxide ion conductivity. We prepared LSGMCO films on
porous NiO anode electrode by pulsed laser deposition
method. The film deposited at 800 degrees centigrade and 20 Pa oxygen
atmosphere was poly-crystallized and had a structure of columns. The film
showed higher electrical conductivity (< 1 Scm-1 at 800degrees) than that of
the bulk.
29pC5
Development of Electric Weeder with
Discharge Device
Makoto SUGIYAMA, Hiroshi YAHATA, Kazunori TAKASHIMA, Shinji
KATSURA and Akira MIZUNO
Recently chemical methods of weeding using agrochemicals cause
serious environmental pollution. Other methods, such as biological method using
microorganisms, or physical method using a tractor and a burner have problems
in environmental safety and weeding efficiency. So, safe and effective weeding
method must be developed for agriculture. In this study, the authors have
tested three types of electric weeder equipped with
high voltage discharge device and a rotating weed cuter. As a result of the
long-term field test, high capacity high voltage transformer was most effective
to annihilate the weeds.
29pC6
Reaction mechanism of Na2CO3 particle with SO2 on electrodynamic balance
Faculty of Engineering,
Azuchi HARANO, Takuya TADENUMA, Takayuki TAKARADA
The microreactor, which was combined
with EDB (Electrodynamic Balance) and Raman
spectroscopy, is useful for understanding the interaction of pollutants with
the fine particles in the atmosphere or pollution control technologies. The
Na2CO3 microparticle was captured into EDB which
consists of two cylinder type electrodes for DC voltage and outer cylindrical
electrode for AC high voltage. The desulfurization
reaction mechanism of Na2CO3 suspended particle with SO2 in which was
controlled the humidity was examined from weight change of particle, its
morphological change and Raman spectra. The morphology of an aggregate Na2CO3
particle changed to a sphere because phase variation from solid to liquid by
absorbed hygroscopic moisture. The spherical droplet was exposed into 1% SO2
gas into EDB and the Na2S2O5 particle as reaction product was observed from
Raman spectra. It is possible to establish the experimental method in which we
can trace the reaction of single fine particle with gasous
species trace.
30aA1
Fundamental Characteristics of Positive Corona Discharge in
Needle-to-Plane Electrode System(U)
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering,
Seishu SHIMAMOTO*, Katsuhisa
TAKASE*, Seiji Kanazawa*, Toshikazu OHKUBO*, Yukiharu
NOMOTO* and Jerzy Mizeraczyk**
In this study, fundamental characteristics of dc positive
needle-to-plane corona discharge were investigated. Glow-mode and streamer-mode
discharge were produced separately by changing the needle electrodes. As a
result, the current distribution of glow discharge was in good agreement with
the empirical Warburg law. However, the current distribution of streamer
discharge was sharper and narrower than that of glow discharge. For a fixed
total current, the centerline current density of streamer discharge was high
compared to that of glow discharge.
30aA2
Effect of the material of electrode on the discharge in short
air gap
This paper describes the dependence of spark gap length and peak
current on the materials of electrode. Spherical electrodes of brass, copper
and aluminum are used. The diameter of each electrode is 20mm. The
electrode surface is polished using polishing powder of 0.05 Κm mean particle size. The earth electrode approaches high voltage
electrode at 0.4mm/sec speed, and the electric charge charged in the ceramic
capacitor of 100pF at +6kV is discharged. The material of electrode
affects the dispersion of spark gap length. Peak current decreases with
increase in the spark gap length. When the voltage applied to the electrode is
constant, peak current and waveform of discharge current are only depend on the
spark gap length.
30aA3
Electric Currents with
Toshiyuki SUGIMOTO, Yasushi MINAMITANI and Yoshio HIGASHIYAMA
A current waveform of the electrostatic discharge occurring
between a charged metal plate and a grounded electrode has been investigated
focusing on the appearance of multiple peaks on the discharge current.
The grounded sphere electrode of 18.6 mm in diameter was approached close to
the square charging plate ranging from 0.1 m to 0.6 m in side charged up to 15
kV. It was found that the electrostatic discharge current include not
only a single peak, but also double peaks or multiple peaks depending on the
polarity, charging voltage and the size of the charged conductive plate.
For positively charged plate larger than 0.4 m in side length the discharge
currents have double or multiple-peaks.
30aA4
The Effect of the Droplet Quantity on AC Corona Discharge from
the Water Droplet
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Kanagawa
Institute of Technology
Kotaro SUZUKI and Hirofumi SHIMOKAWA
AC corona discharge which arose from the tip of pendent water
droplet was studied. The corona discharge was generated between the plate
electrode and the water droplet. As AC voltage applied to plate
electrode, multiple electric discharge was observed from the water droplet tip
in the positive cycle. Positive corona electric discharge was observed in the
negative cycle. The electric discharge which arose in each cycle resembles
electric discharge which arose as D.C. application. Therefore, AC corona discharge
is seemed to alternately generate the D.C. corona discharge. It was found that
the corona discharge is dependent on the water droplet quantity and the
frequency of applied voltage.
30aA5
Effect of the skin resistance of fingertip on the discharge from
human body (U).
Tadafumi KATAOKA and Noriaki MASUI
In this paper, the result of examining the relation between
discharge current waveform from the human body and type of discharge pattern on
the fingertip is described. The human body is charged up to }4kV. @In case of the negative discharge, there are two peaks in
discharge current, and the second peak is higher than the first one. For
the case of positive discharge, only one peak appears in discharge
current. For negatively and positively charged human body, two types of
discharge pattern appears on the fingertip. The change of electricdischarge pattern that appears on the fingertip
seems to be correspondent to the change in the waveform of discharge current.
30aA6
AC Breakdown Characteristics via a Water Droplet Placed on a
Hydrophobic Sheet
Yoshio HIGASHIYAMA, Toshiyuki YAMASA, Toshiyuki SUGIMOTO and Takeichiro TAKASA
Deformation of a water droplet on a hydrophobic sheet and
breakdown voltage via the droplet under an ac electric field have been
investigated experimentally. A droplet of pure water, 3% saline solution
or 5% ethanol solution was located on a silicone rubber sheet or a PTFE sheet
to evaluate the effect of conductivity and surface tension of water on the
deformation of the droplet due to the electric field. The deformation of the
droplet strongly depends on the frequency of applied voltage. As a result, the
breakdown voltage via the droplet under the ac electric field at resonant
frequency was significantly decreased. The breakdown voltage via the
droplet on the PTFE sheet was lower than that on the SR sheet because of the
surface property that allowed the droplet slide.
30pD1
Basic Research on Disk Type Corona Motors (Z)
Masayuki HATTORI*, Yamato SEKI*, Yuichi RINGO* and Kenkichi IZUMI**
In our previous report, a disk-type corona motor using CD
(Compact Disk) type of rotor consisting of two glued CDs was made and tested
for the purpose of extension to a multi-disk-type corona motor instead of the
former type of rotor (pcb rotor). Although with the
CD-type rotor one can work more efficiently, it is difficult to narrow the
air-gap between the rotor and the stator (discharging electrodes) of the corona
motor because this CD-type rotor is distorted by being glued. Therefore, we
adopted a DVD (Digital Video Disk) type of rotor, both of whose sides are
usable without gluing, and compared its various characteristics with the
CD-type rotor. Because adjustment of the air-gap length of the DVD-type rotor
is easier than the CD-type one, the generating torque characteristic of the
DVD-type corona motor has good linearity for incrementally applied
voltage. Also, it was confirmed that the DVD-type of rotor is suitable
for the multi-disk type corona motor because there is less distortion of the
disk.
30pD2
Development of Ion Conveying Type Ionization System -Generation
of Large Charged Particles by Ultrasonic/electrostatic
Atomization-
Tech. R&D Center, Techno Ryowa Ltd
Masanori SUZUKI, Tomokatsu SATO,
Takeshi EBINE and Akio SUGITA
In recent years, we have conducted the development of ionization
system@conveying
ions through tubes, in order to control static electricity in@narrow space such as space in ULSI and LCD
manufacturing equipments.@ In
previous paper, we reported the results of evaluation in terms of the@influence of several
factors on charge eliminating performance of@ionization system generating charged fine
mists (large charged particles)@by electrostatic atomization. However,
its ionization system could not@generate charged fine mists stably in closed
narrow space. Therefore, we@have
developed new ionization system generating
charged fine mists by@ultrasonic /
electrostatic atomization.@ In
this paper, we will report the results of evaluation in terms of
the@influence
of several factors on charge eliminating performance of this newionization system.
30pD3
Charge Elimination Characteristic and Ozone Generation
Characteristic of the Dual Jet Ionizer
Hiroyuki IMAZONO*, Manabu TAKEUCHI* and Kazuo OKANO**
The dual jet ionizer was proposed in order to reduce the
contamination from the ionizer. The dual jet ionizer is made up of nozzles and
jet emitters located at the center of the nozzles. Both the jet emitter and the
nozzle can spray argon gas. In this report, we deal with ozone concentration of
the dual jet ionizer as a function of inner jet flow rate and outer jet flow
rate. The ozone concentration depended strongly on the inner jet flow rate and
outer jet flow rate.
30pD4
Influence of Distance between Emitter Tip and Control Grid on
Noise Characteristic of Low Noise Air Ionizer
The
Dogo OHASHI and Kazuo OKANO
The low noise air ionizer that has an upward emitter, a grounded
grid above the emitter and a grounded electrode below the emitter was proposed
to utilize in an inspection process of ULSI devices. The output voltage of electrostatic
induction sensor (VO_P-P) as noise characteristic and the average discharge
speed (dVPA/dt) as charge elimination characteristic
were measured. These characteristics depended strongly on the distance between
the emitter tip and the grounded grid (L). The ratio of VO_P-P to dVPA/dt (dVPA/dt/VO_P-P) was
highest value at L = 50 mm.
30pD5
Effect of Emitter Voltage on Discharge Speed and Ozone Density
The
Satoshi KUSAKARI and Kazuo OKANO
The use of a corona discharge air ionizer is one of the
effective methods to control the electrostatic charge in an LCD and an OELD in
the manufacturing process. However, the air ionizer generates a small amount of
ozone that cause degradation of emitter tip and changing of the thickness of oxside-film grown on the silicon wafer. In this report, we
investigate the effect of the emitter voltage on the discharge speed and the
ozone density. The discharge speed and the ozone density was controlled by the
emitter voltage of the air ionizer.
30pD6
Electrostatic atomization of water and its application to
generation of ionic space
Masaki OKAWARA, Jun NAGATA and Yuji MURATA
The characteristics of electrostatic atomization were
investigated. The atomized fine water droplets are highly charged and
charge elimination experiment was carried out using the charged droplets from
the atomizer. The charged atomized water droplets dry as they left the
atomizer and the space around the atomizer was ionized. It has good
ability for eliminating the charged body 2m apart from the atomizer.
30pD7
The Characteristics
of Electrostatic Discharge from Conductive Fibers
Hirofumi INOUE*, Changrag CHOI*, Yuji
MURATA* and Kohei YAMADA**
The characteristics of corona discharge and those of
electrostatic discharge from various conductive fibers were investigated in order
to find the suitable fibers for eliminating the electrostatic charge. From the
results obtained, it was found that the discharge distance from the charged
body depends on the diameter of the fiber and the relation was expressed by the
formula y = Ax|B, where A
and B are constants, y the discharge distance between the fiber tip and the
charged body, x the diameter of the fiber.
30pD8
Measurement of Static-charge during the Production of
Firework-explosive
National Institute of Industrial Safety
Mizuki YAMAGUMA
For the prevention of accidental explosions in firework
factories, static-charges during the manipulation of powder materials were
experimentally investigated. Aluminum, Sulfur, Potassium-perchlorate
were selected, and were sieved with steel mesh and horse mesh,
transferred from one container to another. The human body during the sieving of
aluminum power of 2 kg with horse mesh reached over 15 kV. Sulfur obtained
charge over 20 micro-C/kg with either mesh. Even aluminum as well as
aluminum-sulfur mixture obtained nearly 1 micro-C/kg of static-charge. Since
some firework-explosive can be ignited by a spark of several milli-joules, strict preventive measures should be taken in
this kind of industries.
30pD9
Glow Discharge Neutralizer
National Institute of Industrial Safety
Atsushi OSAWA
A charge neutralizer using glow discharge in air at atmospheric
pressure has been developed. A fairly stable glow discharge without any
instabilities, such as low-to-arc transition, could be produced in air at atmospheric
pressureby using ac excitation and a micro
cone-hollow electrode. Theglow discharge has
been applied to a charge neutralizer (ionizer) and its performance has been
investigated experimentally. Consequently we found that the charge neutralizer
has a reatly good performance in ion balance.
Furthermore dc bias in source voltage could control ion balance precisely.
30pD10
Charge Elimination Performance of Nozzle-type Eliminator for
Powder-Effect of Waveform and Frequency of Applied AC Voltage-
Kasuga Denki INC*, National Institute of Industrial Safety,
Independent@Administrative
Institution**, Dept. Chem.
Teruo SUZUKI*, Tomohumi MOGAMI*,
Tsutomu KODAMA** and Satoru WATANO***
For improvement of the nozzle-type electrostatic eliminator for
powder handling the effect of waveform and frequency of the applied AC voltage
to the eliminator on the static charge elimination performance was studied
using a full sized experimental facility for pneumatic PP pellets
transportation including a silo. As a result, the square wave had higher static
charge reduction ability than the sinusoidal wave in the frequency region
10-200Hz. The charge reduction ability increased with the increase of the
frequency but showed a tendency toward reverse charging saturating to the
magnitudes depending on the applied voltages when the frequency was increased
further for the both waves. The optimum frequency for the sinusoidal wave was
approximate 70Hz when the applied voltage was 7kV.
30pD11
Generation of ionic space using atomized water droplets charged
by corona discharge
Atushi Yokoyama and Yuji Murata
For the purpose of elimination of the electrostatic charge,
charged fine water droplets were generated using a corona discharger and a dry
fog nozzle. In the present experiment, in order to improve the
charge-eliminating characteristics, the electrode system for corona discharge
was improved. In the case of 4 needle electrodes, the space charge density
becomes 6 times as large as that in the case of single needle electrode.
30aB1
Pulsed discharge plasma in water using multi nozzle system with
air bubbling
Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering,
Anto Tri Sugiarto, Masayuki Sato
The pulsed discharge plasma in water with air bubbling has been
investigated for degradation of organic compounds in water. The reactor
with multi hollow needle to plane electrode system was used in this
experiment. It was found that the formation of plasma channel was greatly
influenced by the flow rate of air and the applied pulsed voltage. The
plasma channel became strong and longer with increasing flow rate, and became
more brushy when the applied pulse voltage was increased. Therefore, the
degradation rate was high when the flow rate and the applied pulsed voltage
were increased. Furthermore, the degradation rate was independent of the
water conductivity.
30aB2
Decolorize Reaction of Indigo Carmine by Pulsed High Voltage
Youhei KINOSHITA, Keita SAITO, Naoki OKUMURA, Kazunori
TAKASHIMA, Shinji KATSURA and Akira MIZUNO
Various radicals, generated by discharge plasma, play important
roles as oxidant in chemical reaction. Decolorize reaction of indigo carmine
(C16H8N2Na2O8S2) by pulsed discharge plasma over liquid surface in low-pressure
conditions (25-100Torr)@and lectrolysis were studied. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was
generated after the experiment. Indigo carmine can be decolorized by H2O2, but
it was very slow in this experimental condition. The decolorization
by the discharge over liquid surface was more effective than electrolysis and
H2O2. As a result, the decolorization depended on
mainly UV and radicals and not depended on electrolysis and H2O2.
30aB3
Dependence of Diameter of Droplets on Treatment Rate of Watste Water Using Water Droplets by Pulsed Power Discharge
Since non-thermal plasma is able to produce high-energy
electrons, free radicals and UV having high chemical reactions, stilliform water into the plasma can be expected high
treatment in the water remediation. The experiment for water treatment was
carried out by injecting water droplets into the non-thermal plasma generated
in air by pulsed power. The used sample is 0.1% water solution of sodium dedecylbenzensulfonate (C12-LAS). The repetition rate of
pulsed discharge and the transit time of water droplet were set as ea water droplet exposes to the discharge once. As the
diameter of droplets increases, the degradation rate of C12-LAS is increased.
30aB4
Decoloration of dye by a combination
of pulsed streamer corona discharge and electrostatic atomization
Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering,
Ellyana Njatawidjaja, Anto Tri Sugiarto, Takayuki
Ohshima, Masayuki Sato
Fine droplets of aqueous dye solution were introduced into
pulsed streamer corona discharge region for decoloration
of dyes. The droplets were produced electrostatically
into small size and were processed by active species that were generated by
streamer corona discharge in air.
30aB5
Water Treatment Using Bubble Assisted Pulsed Discharge Plasma
Naoki OKUMURA, Youhei KINOSHITA, Keita
SAITO, Kazunori TAKASHIMA, Shinji KATSURA and Akira MIZUNO
Water treatment using pulsed discharge plasma was examined in
this study. Pulsed@discharge occurres efficiently by bubbling solution. In this paper
the decolorization of dye using various gap of
electrode and bubbling gas (Ar, Air, O2) were
investigated. As the result, decolorization of dye
was enhanced by the bubbling. The most efficient electrode gap and bubbling gas
were 25mm and O2 respectively.
30aB6 Features of a Compact Foaming
Reactor Features of a Compact Foaming
Reactor Saga Univ.*, Toyohashi Univ.
of Technology**, Prywatna Wyzsza
Szkola Ochrony Srodowiska***
Joanna Pawlat*, Akira Mizuno**, Chobei Yamabe*, and Iwo Pollo***
This paper reports a new method of oxidants generation by the electrical
discharge in dynamic foam, which was formed without surfactant s addition.
Several electrode set-ups were tested in the foaming column. Performed
measurements confirmed the presence of oxidants in foam and in post reaction
gas and liquid. OH radicals were generated. The highest concentrations of
gaseous ozone (875 ppm), dissolved ozone (0.5 mg/dm3) and hydrogen peroxide (62
mg/dm3) were obtained in oxygen using a needle-to-alumina dielectric covered
plate electrode at 14 kV of applied voltage and 5 dm3/min of substrate gas
flow.
30pB1
The Influence of Water on Gas Phase Anions
Dept. of Chemical System Engineering,
Takamasa SETA, Masateru NISHIOKA, Quanxin Li and
Masayoshi SADAKATA
In order to investigate the influence of water on the gas phase
anions at atmospheric pressure, the equilibrium calculations and the Monte
Carlo Simulation (MCS) has been developed. The results of equilibrium
calculations indicate that the number of water for Ox-(H2O)n have an upper
limit. The pulsed corona discharge at atmospheric pressure was simulated by the
MCS applying 50 molecules and 733 elemental reactions. When water is present in
the atmosphere, the gas phase oxygen anions change to Ox-(H2O)n even at 1-10 us
after the pulsed discharge is off.
30pB2
Decrease of Discharge Current and OH Production by a Small
Amount of Trichloroethylene in a Pulsed Corona
Discharge
Department of Electronic Engineering,
Ryo ONO and Tetsuji ODA
OH formation in a pulsed corona discharge is greatly decreased
by a factor of 10 when about 300 ppm of trichloroethylene (TCE) is added to the
ambient gas, while that decrease is not observed in a pulsed dielectric barrier
discharge (DBD). Our experimental results show that it is due to the reduction
in discharge current by the addition of TCE. The corona and DBD currents
consist of "charging current" which charges electrodes, and
"discharge current" which corresponds to the flow of electrons/ions
between electrodes. It is shown that OH is formed by the discharge current, not
by the charging current. The discharge current is decreased by a factor of 10
when about 300 ppm of TCE is added. That leads to the decrease in OH
production. The contribution of OH to the decomposition of TCE is studied. The
decay rate of OH is changed little when the TCE concentration increases from 0
ppm to 300 ppm. Besides the TCE decomposition ratio is approximately constant
at the H2O concentration of 0-2\%. Those results show that the OH is not
responsible for the TCE decomposition.
30pB3
Caracteristics of excited molecule
density and vibrational temperature for nitrogen
non-thermal plasma in a ferro-electric packed bed
reactor
Yoshihisa UCHIDA*, Kuniko URASHIMA, Koichi TAKAKI*,** and
Jen-Shih CHANG*
Base on the spectroscopic measurements, the number density of
the excited nitrogen molecules have been investigated for nitrogen non-thermal
plasma in a packed bed barrier discharge plasma reactor. In a ferro-electric packed bed reactor, the ferro-electric
pellets enhance the electric fields in the contact regions between adjacent
pellets and lead to micro breakdowns in the gaps, producing high energy free
electrons. These electrons are used to dissociate and ionize the carrier gas
molecules in which the pollutants are present to produce radical. The radicals
and electrons are then treat pollutants in flue gases. Experiments were
conducted for applied voltage from 0 to 20kV, operating frequency 60 Hz and gas
flow rate from 1 to 5 LPM under pure nitrogen gas. The results shows that the
number of density for excited N2 molecules from model increases with increasing
applied voltage and dielectric constant and agree qualitatively well with the
experimental results at lower applied voltage. The vibrational
temperature of the C3Pu(v') state of N2 have been determined from optical
intensity emitted by 2nd positive band. The 1800 to 2400 K vibrational
temperatures were observed.
30pB4
Observation of OH and Ozone in a Pulsed Corona Discharge Plasma
Department of Electronic Engineering,
Ryo ONO and Tetsuji ODA
OH radical and ozone are observed in a pulsed corona discharge
plasma. The OH is observed by laser induced fluorescence (LIF) method, and the
ozone is observed by laser absorption method. In both measurements, a tunable KrF excimer laser is used. The
discharge is occurred in a 0.25-L reactor with multiple needles--plate electrode.
After the discharge pulse, the ozone is produced with a time constant of about
20 us in dry air. The time constant approximately equals to that calculated
from a referred reaction rate of O + O2 -> O3. The ozone concentration
increases up to 1500 ppm for 100 us after discharge. It is observed that the
ozone yield decreases by a factor of about 10 when H2O concentration increases
from 0\% to 2\%. That can be caused by (i) decrease
in O radical or (ii) reaction of O3 + OH. To observe the reaction of ozone with
OH, OH concentration is measured in an environment with or without O2. In the
present study, however, the reaction can not be definitely observed.
30pB5
Characteristics of Ozone Generation by Negative Corona
Discharges in Mixture Gases of O2 and N2 at Atmospheric Pressure
Daido Institute of Technology
Daisuke ISHIJIMA, Akira GOSHIMA, Yuuto
SAWAKI, Keiichirou SUGITA and Yoshihisa SEKIYA
For the application to a small and simple ozone generator,
we are investigated the characteristics of ozone generation by positive and
negative point-to-plane corona discharges in room air and mixture gases of O2
and N2 at atmospheric pressure. It is well known that the efficiency of ozone
generation by negative point-to-plane corona discharge in room air at
atmospheric pressure is around 120g/kWh and that of in pure oxygen gas is
around 240g/kWh. Although the number of oxygen molecule in pure oxygen gas is 5
times of that in room air, but ozone efficiency in pure oxygen gas is only 2
times of that in room air. In this paper, we investigated to clear for that
cause on the basis of the characteristics of ozone generation by negative
corona discharges in mixture gases of O2 and N2 at atmospheric pressure.
30pB6
Gas Flow Effect on Discharge Characteristics of a Non-thermal
Plasma
*Institute of Fluid Science, Tohoku University@**Graduate school of Engineering, Tohoku University
Takehiko SATO*, Makoto Kambe** and Hideya Nishiyama*
The characteristics of high voltage discharges in the gas flow
at atmospheric pressure have been investigated experimentally. The breakdown
voltages for the different gap lengths of the parallel plate electrodes are
measured with applied voltage rising rate, applied waveform, applied wave
frequency, gas flow rate and kind of gas. The effect of pd, which is the
product of the pressure and the gap length, on the breakdown voltage
corresponds to Penningfs experimental data for the
applied voltage rising rates from 0.1 kV/s to 10 kV/s. However, they are not in
accordance with the data when the rates are more than 100 kV/s. On the other
hand, the breakdown voltage for the different waveforms such as sawtooth, sinusoidal and square and also for the different
wave frequencies of 100 Hz, 1 kHz and 10 kHz corresponds to the experimental
data reported by Penning, Kind and Karner. The
breakdown voltages show the minimum values when the gas flow rates are 2 - 4 Sl/min for argon gas. The gas flow rate also affects the
discharge current mode which is classified to two modes.
30pB7 Particle Velocity Field in Electrostatic
Precipitator Model – PIV Experiment
Particle Velocity Field in Electrostatic Precipitator Model –
PIV Experiment* Centre for Plasma and Laser Engineering, Institute of Fluid
Flow Machinery, Polish Academy of Sciences,@** Dept. of Electrical and Electronic Engineering,
Jerzy MIZERACZYK*, Marek KOCIK*, Jarosław DEKOWSKI*, Janusz
PODLIŃSKI* Seiji**
There is still an interest in improving electrostatic
precipitator (ESP) collection of fine particles (micron and submicron sizes).
However, it is not yet clear whether the turbulent flow patterns caused by the
presence of electric field and charge in ESPs advance
or deteriorate fine particle precipitation process. In this paper results of
the Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) measurements of
the particle flow velocity field in a wire-to-plate type ESP model with seven
wire electrodes are presented. The measurements were carried out for negative
and positive polarity of the wire electrode. The PIV measurements clearly
confirmed formation of the secondary flow (velocity of several tens of cm/s) in
the ESP model, which interacts with the primary flow. The particle flow pattern
changes caused by the strong interaction between the primary and secondary
flows are more pronounced for higher operating voltage (higher electrohydrodynamic number NEHD) and lower primary flow
velocity (lower Reynolds number Re). The particle flow patterns for the
positive voltage polarity of the wire electrodes are more stable and regular
than those for the negative one due to the nonuniformity
of the negative corona along the wire (tufts).
30pB8
Collection of Uni-pole Charged Particles
with AC Electric Field
Elect. Appl. Lab., Musashi Institute
of Technology*, Fuji Electric Co.,Ltd.
Yoshihiro KAWADA*, Takafumi KUBO*, Yoshiyasu EHARA*, Takeo
TAKAHASHI*, Tairo ITO*, Akinori
ZUKERAN**,Yoshihiro KONO**, and Kouji YASUMOTO**
Electrostatic Precipitators (ESPs) are
used extensively for environmental preservation, since this technique shows
high precipitation efficiency and a low pressure drop. One of the major tasks
of Two-Stage ESP applications is to increase visibility and to clean the air in
the superhighway tunnels. However, the collection efficiency for large
particles decreases due to the particle re-entrainment phenomena. The
re-entrainment phenomena are caused by agglomerated particles on the collecting
electrode due to the low resistively of the particles. The finding
re-entrainment process and restraining re-entrainment phenomena were
investigated. In this work, we discussed the method preventing particle
re-entrainment, and devised applying rectangular AC high voltage to the collecting
electrodes. When AC high voltage applied collecting section, pearl-chain like
agglomerated particles are not observed compared with at DC high voltage
applied. Collection efficiency with particle weigh calculation at DC applied
almost equal to that at rectangular AC applied. However, when rectangular AC
high voltage applied, the collection efficiency of large particles improved. It
has been shown that the re-entrainment phenomena are prevented on applying
rectangular AC high voltage.
30pB9
Numerical Simulation of Three-Dimensional Point/Tuft
Dept. Energy Systems
Toshiaki YAMAMOTO, Miyuki OKUDA and Masaaki OKUBO
The industrial electrostatic precipitators (ESPs)
employ negative corona or point corona, which generates discrete discharge
along the wire electrodes. Three-dimensional analysis of electrical
characteristics and electrohydrodynamics is essential
to describe the ESPs having tufts/point coronas. The
distribution of the secondary flow (electric wind) is to form a donuts-shape
ring from each tuft/point, extending further to the inflow and outflow
direction. When the primary flow exits, the flow interaction takes place,
depending upon EHD number which is defined as the ratio of EHD Reynolds number
to ordinary Reynolds number or simply, the ratio of characteristic electric
wind velocity to the primary flow velocity. The electrohydrodynamic
flow field is to form a pair of spiral vortex rings, like Goertler
vortices in the direction of the gas flow. The effects of electrohydrodynamics
on particle motion and ESP theory were discussed.
30pB10
Scrubbing Dust Collector Combining Electrostatic Precipitator
Tomoo NAKANE, Takeshi MIYAJIMA and Tetsuro
OTSUKA
An aerosol processing was conducted in water using a vortex flowchurning system, however, it was not capable of
perfectly removing flue gas. The flue gas was@therefore collected by an Electrostatic@Precipitator (EP) after the aerosol processing. As a
result, it is@possible to
completely collect the flue gas by using the aerosol@processing together with the EP. In this present, an
experimental@production of
the EP is introduced, and its performance also@estimated.
30pB11
Electrostatic Precipitation and Oxidation of DEP Using Discharge
on the Pt Catalyst
Yoshihiko MATSUI, Satoshi SATOH, Kazunori TAKASHIMA, Shinji
KATSURA and Akira MIZUNO
In this study, packed bed plasma reactor was investigated for
the diesel exhaust emission control. We tried two experiments, one was the
particle collection test and the other was the oxidation test of DEP using the
packed bed (Pt-Catalyst) plasma reactor. In the particle collection test,
ambient air and diesel exhaust were used as test gas. Removal efficiency of
about 94% was obtained for particles larger than 0.3mm diameter in the@ambient air. On the other hand, in the diesel engine
exhaust test, the SEM observation of the collected particles showed that
particles of several hundred nanometer size were successfully collected the
plasma reactor. In the DEP oxidation experiment, the most effective oxidation
temperature was 100C using Pt-catalyst with discharge.
30aC1
Selective Fixation of Modified DNA Molocules
on a Hydrophobic Substate
Shun-ichi MATSUURA, Hirofumi KURITA
Michihiko NAKANO, Jun KOMATSU, Kazunori TAKASHIMA Shinji KSATSURA and Akira
MIZUNO
We demonstrate an effective method for DNA immobilization on a
hydrophobic glass surface. The new DNA immobilizing technique is extremely
simple compared with conventional techniques that require heterobifunctional
crosslinking reagents between DNA and substrate
surface@that are both
modified chemically. In the first process, a coverslip
was treated with dichlorodimethylsilane resulting in
hydrophobic surface. Lambda DNA molecules were ligated
with 3'-terminus disulfide-modified 14 mer oligonucleotides at one cohesive end, and then reacted on silanized coverslip followed by
the reduction of disulfide to sulfhydryl group (thiol). Fluorescent observation showed that the thiol-modified lambda DNA molecules were anchored
specifically to the surface at one terminus, although non-specific binding of
the DNA molecules was suppressed. It was observed that the one-end-attached DNA
molecule was bound firmly to the surface and stretched reversibly in one
direction when a
30aC2
Addition of an Adapter to the Physically Dissected DNA Fragment
BRAIN(Seiken-Kiko), Advance Co.,
Osamu KUROSAWA, Hiroyuki KABATA and Masao WASHIZU
The authors have proposed a novel DNA analysis method based on
physical molecular manipulation. A fluorescent labeled DNA is
stretch-and-immobilized on the substrate and arbitrary region of DNA is
physically dissected using AFM stylus under the fluorescence microscope. Then
dissected fragments are recovered to be analyzed the sequence. According to
this method, the complicated work of the reconstruction, which is necessary for
the case of shotgun strategy, can be reduced, because the position of DNA
fragment on original DNA is known. It is experimentally shown that thousands of
dissected fragments without molecular damage can be recovered. However, it is
not possible to do the sequencing in the number of the thousands molecule, so
they must be once amplified by PCR. If an adapter sequence is added to the both
ends of the dissected fragments, the fragments can be PCR amplified making use
of the adapter sequence. A problem here is how to add the adapter to the
molecular damaged terminus brought about by the physical dissection. In this
paper, recovered dissected fragments are enzymatically
treated with a T4DNApolymerase, and then linked to the adapter. Three kinds of
primers are prepared: One corresponding to the sequence near one end of ΙDNA(L1), one to the other end of ΙDNA(R1),
and one to the adapter(T7). Using these primers, ligation
samples are PCR amplified. If the adapter ligation is
successfully done, the PCR result should contain the fragments amplified
between L1 and T7, between R1 and T7 and between T7 and T7. The experimental
result shows that only the fragments between T7 and T7 is not amplified within
above three fragments. It means that T4DNApolymerase single treatment is not
sufficient to repair the physically damaged terminus.
30aC3
DNA-Protein Complexes Analysis by Atomic Force Microscope
Jun KOMATSU, Kazunori TAKASHIMA, Shinji KATSURA and Akira MIZUNO
We have been studying micromanipulation technique of single
molecule DNA for rapid genome analysis. We have studied to detect specific
sites in DNA molecules such as mismatched base pairs by atomic force microscope
(AFM). We can determine the mismatch position precisely and rapidly if we can
observe a protein that specifically binds to a mismatch point on a stretched
DNA molecule. In this study, we tried to observe restriction enzyme-DNA
complexes as a model of protein bound mismatch point on stretched DNA
molecules. We immobilized DNA molecules in stretched form using several techniques.
And we clearly observed the restriction enzyme attached to a specific site of
DNA molecule.
30aC4
The Fundamental Study for Successive Digestion and Recovering
Method of DNA
Michihiko NAKANO, Jun KOMATSU, Shun-ichi
MATSUURA, Kazunori TAKASHIMA, Hachiro YASUDA, Shinji
KATSURA and Akira MIZUNO
"We have developed a novel DNA analysis method using single
molecule DNA. It consists of five unit operation as follows; (1) stretching
single molecule DNA, (2) cutting in order from a terminus, (3) recovering its
fragments, (4) PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) amplification, (5)
sequencing. We considered that this method did not require the
rearrangement of the fragments, which is indispensable and laborious in shotgun
method. Many studies have been carried out for DNA fixation on a glass
substrate with stretched shape. However, it is difficult to recover
fragments in this method where DNA molecules are fixed on a glass substrate. We
developed a method to stretch DNA without fixing on a glass substrate. We used
electrostatic field. A DNA associated with restriction enzyme, Mg2+ completely chelated to suppress the activity, was stretched in agarose gel under the electrostatic field. Then MgCl2 was
added to the cathode and Mg2+ moved toward to anode. When Mg2+
encountered the restriction enzyme, the enzyme was activated to cut DNA.
And the fragment was carried toward cathode by electrophoretic
force.
30aC5
Fundamental Study on Successive Ionization Method of a DNA Molocule for Novel Ultra High-speed Genome Analysis
Takuya FURUMAKI, Michihiko NAKANO, Tadashi KURODA, Jun KOMATSU,
Shunichi MATSUURA, Kazunori TAKASHIMA, Hironaga
UCHIDA, Shinji KATSURA and Akira MIZUNO
We studied an application of FIM (field ion microscope) to DNA
sequencing. By applying a DC voltage to the FIM tip on which a DNA molecule is
attached, the base may be released and fly along the electric force field.
Ultra high-speed genome analysis will be feasible by detecting the digested
bases. At first, we examined whether DNA molecule can be observed with FIM. DNA
molecules with SH group prepared by PCR (polymerase chain reaction) were
attached on the needle tip of an electro-polished gold (Au) and tungsten (W)
wire. Fluorescent observation of attached DNA molecules showed Au wire was
preferable for FIM observation because of its high stability. A weak FIM image
was observed when the applied voltage was very small, suggesting the attachment
of DNA molecules. The image became brighter and changed its shape with further
increase in applied voltage. However, no apparent image was observed when the
same sample was observed at the low applied voltage where the faint image had
been observed. These results suggest that the attached DNA molecules were
detached during the first run.
30aC6
Development of Visualization Method for Single-stranded DNA
Satoshi UEHARA*, Hiroshi NAITO*, Shun-ichi
MATSUURA*, Keiichi TAKATA***, Yoshiyuki MIZUSHINA**, Kengo
SAKAGUCHI**, Shinji KATSURA* and Akira MIZUNO*
"Single molecule observation have elucidated several
phenomena for biopolymers such as DNA, RNA and proteins in cells.@In this study, we paid attention to observe DNA
synthetic system. For this purpose, fluorescent labeling of single-stranded DNA
molecule is required, however, conventional methods, such as intercalating
dyes, cannot visualize a single-stranded DNA. We developed an observation
technique based on fluorescent labeled RPA (replication protein A), which was
eukaryotic single-stranded DNA-binding protein (SSB). We also developed
other methods for a single DNA molecule visualization. One was based on
enzymatic incorporation with a fluorescent labeled nucleotide, and the other
was based on reaction with
fluorescent labeling reagent. These methods permit visualization
of individual Ι DNA molecules.
30pD12
Electrostatics sensitivity of B/KNO3 granular igniter
composition
National Inst.of Advanced Industrial Sci.and Tech.* Nikko Gika Co., Ltd.**, Fac,of Eng,
Kyushu Sangyo Univ.***
Eishi KURODA*, Masatake YOSHIDA*,
and Toshiyuki NAGAISHI***
Electrostatic sensitivity test was carried out with the fixed
gap method and the approaching electrode method for B/KNO3 granular igniter
composition and its grinded powder. The minimum energies of 50% ignition
probability were 101mJ with the fixed gap method and 20.6mJ with the
approaching electrode method.. The capacitancies
with the minimum energy of 50% ignition probability were 4nF by the fixed gap
method and over 28.2nF by the approaching electrode one, respectively.
The apparent time constant obtained by the approaching electrode apparatus was
1ms and independent of the capacitance. These are the same as those obtained by
the fixed gap method tested under the capacitance of 6nF. It is suggested
that the apparent time constant and the minimum capacitance for ignition are
important factors to estimate the electrostatic ignitability. It is concluded
that the electrostatic ignitability is not higher for B/KNO3 tested in this
experiment, irrespective of the minimum ignition energy.
30pD13
Ignition test of titanium powders by the probe plate method
National Inst.of Advanced Industrial Sci.and Tech.* Nikko Gika Co., Ltd.**, Fac,of Eng,
Kyushu Sangyo Univ.***
Eishi KURODA*, Masatake YOSHIDA*,
Hiroshi NARASAKI** and Toshiyuki NAGAISHI***
The probe plate method is to test whether a sample was ignited
or not when it is rubbed on the metal plate with the metal probe under the
applied voltage. The method was adopted at first in 1968 to investigate how the
lead azide explosion occurred. It is one kind
of the ignition tests by electrostatic discharges. In this report, the
ignition test of titanium powders was carried out by the probe plate
method. It is observed that titanium powders were easy to ignite with
very low energy under the small capacitance. It is suggested that titanium
powders are very hazardous against electrostatic discharges, if any metal tools
are used.
30pD14
Ignitability Assessent of Dusts in
Shredding Process for Discarded Electrical Appliances
Masaharu NIFUKU, Julien
Enforcing the recycling of electrical appliances (refrigerator,
air@conditioner,
television set and ashing machine), a lot of
discarded@electrical
appliances are to be shredded and pulverized. These processes@produce dusts, heat, collision sparks, etc. which might
lead to dust@explosion.
Actually, some dust explosion accidents at the recycling@facilities are reported. To maintain safe operations of
the recycling@process, the
authors investigated the minimum explosion concentration,@ignition temperature, characters of ignition source,
etc. It is shown that@he dusts
produced in the recycling process are sensitive for explosion.@Also, some optimum conditions for ignition (ignition
energy, spark gaps and@ignition
duration) of the dusts are elucidated.
30p
Selective Detection of Bacteria by Using Dielectrophoretic
Impedance Measurement Method with Immobilized Antibody Electrode
Graduate
Masanori SHUTOU, Junya SUEHIRO and
Masanori HARA
This paper describes a selective detection technique of bacteria
based on dielectrophoresis and electrical impedance
measurements. The authors have previously proposed a detection technique of
biological particles called DEPIM (dielectrophoretic
impedance measurement) method using positive dielectrophoretic
force to capture biological cells in suspension onto an interdigitated
microelectrode array. In this study, the authors demonstrated a selective
DEPIM method by combining antigen-antibody reaction with the DEPIM. Antibody
molecules were immobilized onto the microelectrode surfaces before the
application of dielectrophoresis so that only
antibody-specific bacteria would be bound to the immobilized antibody. The
proposed method provided the means whereby that specific bacteria could be
selectively left between the electrode gap when the electric field was reduced
after the preliminary DEP cell collection procedure. It was found that
Escherichia coli (E. coli) could be left between the electrode gap on which E.
coli-specific antibody was immobilized in advance. The electrode conductance
proportionally increased with the number of bacteria left between the electrode
gap, although some bacteria adhered to the glass substrate without immobilized
antibody. These results suggest that the proposed method may be applicable to
selective bacteria detection.
30pC2
A Theoretical Model of Fine Particles Collection in the Dielectrophoretic Filter
Manabu IMAMURA, Guangbin ZHOU, Junya SUEHIRO and Masanori HARA
The authors have previously proposed a dielectrophoretic
(DEP) filter, which utilized positive DEP force to capture fine particles
suspended in liquid. In this study, a theoretical model of particle collection
in the DEP filter is newly proposed. The model can predict a particle
collection region in which suspended particles can be trapped by positive DEP
force against drag force exerted by streaming suspension liquid. Experimental
results of biological particle elimination using the DEP filter were compared
with the theoretical prediction based on the proposed model. Theoretical values
of the maximum number of cells trapped by the DEP filter were in good agreement
with experimental ones. It was confirmed that both electric field amplitude and
suspension liquid flow rate were crucial parameters that considerably affected
the DEP filter performance.
30pC3
Selective Elimination of Viable and Nonviable Cells Using Dielectrophoretic Filter
Guangbin ZHOU, Manabu IMAMURA, Junya SUEHIRO and Masanori HARA
The authors have previously proposed a dielectrophoretic
(DEP) filter, which utilized positive DEP force to capture fine particles
suspended in liquid. It was found that the DEP filter could eliminate yeast
cells suspended in water. It is expected that the DEP filter also can
selectively eliminate contaminant particles according to their dielectric properties.
In this study, selective separation of viable and nonviable yeast cells was
tested using the DEP filter. The optimal field frequency for the selective cell
separation was determined as 1 MHz by theoretical calculation and preliminary
experiment. Viable yeast cells were selectively eliminated from a mix
suspension of viable and nonviable yeast cells at 1 MHz field frequency. As a
result, relative ratio of viable cells decreased from 50 % to 0.5 % in an hour
by using the DEP filter.
30pC4
Observation of the behavior of magnetotactic
bacteria under the magnetic field
Yoshihiro KANAGAWA, Sabro TANAKA and
Akira HIRAISHI
Magnetotactic bacteria and unfunctionated magnetotactic
bacteria whose flagellum did not move, were exposed to a rotating magnetic
field. Then the behavior of the bacteria was observed. Normal magnetotactic bacteria rotated so that they draw a
circle. The rotation velocity showed the maximum at 0.5-1 mT. In contrast, the unfunctionated
bacteria were connected each other and they rotated by themselves on that
spot. The connected chain could be separated by increase of the
frequency. This phenomenon was not seen in the normal magnetotactic
bacteria. Moreover, when the unfunctionated magnetotactic bacteria were exposed to a gradient magnetic
field, they were attracted to a high gradient side.
30pC5
Pulse sterilization characteristics of ring and spiral electrode
system
Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering,
Neide Miho Ishida, Erina Shimizu, Anto Tri Sugiarto, Takayuki
Ohshima and Masayuki Sato
The effect of pulsed electric field treatment on bakerfs yeast
and Escherichia coli K-12 suspended in sterilized 1.1% NaCl
solution was investigated using two types of electrode system, ring-to-cylinder
and spiral electrodes. For ring-to-cylinder electrode system, the microbial
inactivation was efficient when the insulating plate with a hole was inserted
between ring and cylinder electrode. For spiral electrode system, an efficient
microbial inactivation was achieved at low frequency with high applied voltage.
30pC6
The proposal of Immunoassay using cooling method by High-Tc SQUID
Takemasa MATSUDA , Masashi
UCHIDA, Saburo TANAKA
This paper describes the new quantitative-analysis method of this immunoassay. A new method we have developed is the method that magnetic particle labeled second antibody is used and the signal was easured sensitive SQUID (Superconducting Quantum Interference Device) magnetic sensor. However, there is some problem that the signal is small because of the super-paramagnetic properties of the particles. This small signal is due to its thermal disorder. If thermal disorder is lowered, the direction of the magnetic moment in a particle will be aligned to the same direction. As a result, the signal will be increased. Thus if the temperature of the particles was lowered, we expect to obtain a larger signal than the conventional method. We describe the experiment method of this immunoassay and the result.