Collections
of Abstracts of Annual Meeting of the
Location:
Date: August 29 and 30, 2002/07/27
1s term First number is date, and
followings are paper number
2rd English title
3rd
Affiliation
4th
Authors
5th
Abstract
29aA1
Induction Charging of Droplets by Vibrating Orifice Aerosol
Generator
Hokkaido Inst. Techonol.*,
Takashi SATO* and Yoji
NAKAJIMA**
A small cylindrical electrode is installed at the position of
the outlet hole of the head cover of a vibrating orifice aerosol generator. A
DC voltage is applied to it so as to induce electric charge on the tip of
liquid jet ejected from the earthed micro orifice. Then the liquid jet breaks
up to yield charged droplets. In the present experiment, the relation between
the droplet charge and the applied voltage to the cylindrical electrode, the
effect of streaming electrification on the average and the dispersion of the droplet
charge, and the effect of the gap between the orifice and the edge of the
cylindrical electrode have
been examined. The results show that
1) The amount of charge due to streaming electrification is
simply superimposed on the induced charge, and therefore, a linear relationship
between the droplet charge and the applied voltage holds.
2) The charge of the doublet droplets is exactly twice the
charge of the singlet.
3) The induced charge seems to take a simple relationship with
the location of the cylindrical electrode, but is very sensitive to the state
of jet.
29aA2
Nonlenear ionic-conductivity of
polyethylene oxide modified with a mesogenic group
and salt
Dept. of Polymer sci. &
Yoshiro TAJITSU
The purpose of our investigation is to analyze the mechanism of
ion conduction in polymer film using the results of nonlinear conductivity
measurements. In this paper, we report on the fabrication of a novel
polymer complex film using a salt and present the measurements of the frequency
spectra of linear and nonlinear complex conductivities. The temperature
range is from -80C to 80C and the frequency range is from 10 mHz to 10 MHz. Finally, we describe the results of
our analysis of the ion conduction mechanism in the new polymer complex
film. The outlines follows. On the basis of the existence of the
large dielectric relaxation and conductivity relaxation, we conclude that there
exists a microscopically inhomogeneous structure that affects ion transport
processes in in the new polymer complex film.
29aA3
Sulfuric Acid Treatment Effect on Surface Charge Decay and
Surface Resistivity of Ethylene/Styrene Copolymer
Film
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Nagoya
Institute of Technology
Yasuro HORI and Mikiya
A surface of ethylene(65 mol%)/styrene(35 mol%) copolymer film
was modified with sulfuric acid. For this film, the increase of surface charge
decay has been studied by measuring a series of two-dimensional distributions
with time. The decay of charge density on the treated film was faster than that
on untreated one, and the surface charges have decayed faster at higher
humidity than at lower humidity. The spreading of charges along the surface was
clearly observed, and this spreading is the cause of the observed decay of
charges. It was proved that the surface charges did not migrate into the bulk
of polymer nor evaporate into the air. When the sample film was more strongly
modified with sulfuric acid, the surface resistivity
could be measured, while the surface charges could not be observed. The resistivity was also dependent on the humidity and lower at
higher humidity. As an example of surface resistivity,
a value of 20000 Ω was observed at 40 % relative humidity.
29aA4
Visualization of Carrier Behavior by Transient Space Charge
Measurement
Naohiro HOZUMI*, Yuji MURAMOTO*, Masayuki NAGAO*, Kaori
FUKUNAGA** and Yuichi
HASHIMOTO***
Carrier species and their mobility are the most important
parameters among the electric properties of dielectric and semiconducting
materials. The Hall effect has widely been utilized in order to
measure the mobility of semiconducting materials, but
it is usually not available for dielectric materials, because their mobility is
generally too low to be measured by the Hall effect. The authors
has therefore proposed a new simple method for estimating carrier mobility
using a space charge measurement technique. In this method, the
change in time of the space charge profile under a bias voltage is observed
after applying a disturbance such as a superposed pulse
voltage. In this paper, we report the result of this
measurement on several organic materials.
29aA5
Phase Diagrams and Displacement Currents of Monolayers
on the Water Surface
Faculty of Textile Science and Technology,
Koki AMANO and Keiji OHARA
Phase diagrams (surface pressure-temperature relationship) were
constructed by detecting peculiar points in two-dimensional elasticity-area per
molecule curves for many monolayers which consist of
molecules with different polar groups bonded to -(CH2)16CH3 linear hydrocarbon
chains. Displacement currents generated during compression were compared with
the phase diagrams. As results, it seems that the variation in displacement
currents corresponds to structural transitions in monolayers.
29aA6
Charge Generation Mwchanism Based on a
Charge Transfer Reaction of Mechano-anions to Mechano-radicals =Effect of a yield of mechano-anion
on the substituents-
Masato SAKAGUCHI
"Mechanical fracture of polymers in the dark in vacuum at 77 K made them
homogeneous and heterogeneous scission of carbon-carbon bond of polymer main
chain, and produced macro-neutral free radicals (called mechano-radicals)(1)
and macro-anionic species (called mechano-anions).(2-5)
The mechano-anions were detected by an electron spin
resonance spectroscopy (ESR) using an electron trapping method with tetracyanoethylene (TCNE). Here we show that a yield of the
mechano-anion was increased with the degree of ionic
character of the carbon-carbon bond in the polymer main chain, in which the
ionic character is due to a substituent atom or group
attached to the carbon atom. Assuming that a charge separation on the friction
surface is induced by the electron transfer reaction from the mechano-anions as an electron donor to the mechano radicals as an electron accepter, the amount of
electric charges due to the mechanical fracture of poly tetrafluoroethylene)
(PTFE) in the dark in vacuum at 77 K was speculated as to be 1.1ｘ10E-3 C/m2. The estimated value is identical with the
speculated maximum values on frictional electricity of polymers, 1.3ｘ10E-3 (6) and 1.7ｘ10E-3 (7) C/m2. The phenomenon that the amount of electric
charges of poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) due to
the friction is larger than that of PTFE can be explained by based on their
ionic yields.
29aA7
An Active Oxygen Generation from 12CaO･7Al2O3 Surface
The
Masateru NISHIOKA, chensi LEE, Masayoshi SADAKARA
Strong, high purity and sustainable atomic oxygen radical anion
(O-) emission has been observed from a synthesized microporous
crystal 12CaO・ 7Al2O3
(named C12A7) surface. In the bulk of the C12A7, numerous of the oxide networks
(cages) are made up, where the anion O- and O2- can be stored with a
high capacity. O- emission of order of microampere per square centimeter from
the C12A7 surface has been obtained at extraction field over 1000 V/cm and
surface temperature of 800 °C. The O- emission observed is very sensitive both
to the surface temperature and applied extraction field. The amount of O-
emission is limited by the amount of O-and O2- in cageC12A7.
However, by using modified C12A7, which has oxygen electrode, the successive O-
emission was demonstrated.
29aA8
Potential Distribution Around a Rectangular-Prism Electrode by
Using GA-Aided Charge Simulation Method Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Yuji SAIKI, Ryo NISHIMURA, Katsumi NISHIMORI and Naganori ISHIHARA
We have used genetic algorithm (GA) to decide an appropriate
arrangement of both fictitious charges and contour points in charge simulation
method (CSM). When polygonal-prism electrode is assumed, an electric
field diverges at each corner of the electrode. Because of this, a
contour point cannot be placed nor an electrical potential cannot be determined
at a corner of the electrode. In this paper, we calculated a
potential distribution around a rectangular-prism electrode above a grounded
plate electrode. In order to remove above inconvenient, each corner of
the rectangle is curved by using a sector with small radii. We describe
the positions of the fictitious charges in Cartesian coordinate system.
The x- and y-components of a charge position are described as genes. We
describe contour point position as a distances along with the outer edge of the
electrode cross section from a reference point, which is placed on a side of
the rectangle, and the distance is described as a gene. We assigned 30 charges
to an electrode with the size of 5 cm x 10cm. The electrode potential
error was about 1% and relatibely accurate solution
was obtained.
29pA1
Improvement of Charge of Powder Particles by Plasma Treatment in
Atmospheric Pressure
Takahiko WATARI， Toshiyuki NAGASAWA and Yuji MURATA
For the purpose of improving the charging characteristics lf
polymer powder, we carried out experiment of plasma treatment using two types
of discharge, corona and streamer corona discharge, in fluidezed
bed. Polyethylene powder of 150 μm in size was used
for the sample. It was found that polyethylene powder tends to charge more
negatively by contact and friction with glass beads after the treatments by
both plasma and the streamer corona has stronger effect on the charging
characteristics of polyethylene powder than the corona discharge. From the
results obtained from the measurement of the specific of each particle, it was
clarified that almost all the particles were uniformly treated in the present
treatment.
29pA2
Uniformity of plasma treatment of polymer powder particles
Junichi Okubo and Yuji Murata
Plasma treatment is very effective to improve the
characteristics of contact and frictional charging of polymeric materials. In
order to apply the plasma treatment to polymer powder, it is most important to
use the method for treating all the particles uniformly. The purpose of the
present study is to investigate the uniformity of the plasma effect. In order
to carry out the experiment, polyethylene powder particles are put into a small
glass bottle which has a central bar electrode and a metal net electrode on the
outside of it. Powder particles are plasma treated in the bottle by ac plasma
generated between the two electrodes.
Using this system, the uniformity of plasma effect is measured
for the three cases; (1)
the glass bottle does not rotate, (2)the glass bottle rotates 10
revolutions per second, (3) the particles are mixed with larger glass beads and
the bottle rotates. By measuring the specific charge of each particle, it was
evident that in the last case almost the all particles are uniformly treated by
the plasma.
29pA3
Charge Storage in a Corona-charged Polypropylene Film Observed
by LIPP and TSDC Method
Department of Electronic Engineering,
Ryo ONO and Tetsuji ODA
The charge storage phenomena in a corona-charged polypropylene
(PP) film is studied. After a 50 um thick PP film is negatively charged, that
charge is measured by the laser induced pressure pulse (LIPP) and the thermally
stimulated discharge current (TSDC). The LIPP shows a large negative homocharge at the charged surface. Almost of the homocharge can be removed by dipping the PP film in
ethanol, while some amount of the homocharge still
remain in 5-8 um depth from the surface after the ethanol treatment. The
irrupted depth of the remaining homocharge increases
with charging temperature. When the PP film is charged at higher than 80 C, a
bulk charge is present inside the PP film. The TSDC spectrum shows not only homocharge but also heterocharge,
which is not observed by LIPP. The heterocharge is
formed on the charged surface when charged at room temperature. However, the heterocharge is formed also inside the sample when charged
at higher than 80 C.
29pA4
Change in Charging Characteristics of Polyethylene Surface by
Streamer
Yusuke ONODA, Yuji MURATA
The charging characteristics of polyethylene surface are highly
changed negative by streamer corona-treatment. The streamer corona has more
expensive effect on charging the charge generation by contact and friction in a
shorter processing time than the case of ordinary corona treatment because of
the high concentration electric power on the sample surface
29pA5
Charging Characteristics of Polyethylene by N2 Plasma Treatment
and Effect of Residual Ga
Tokyo Univ. of Science ○Hiroteru YANO, Changrag CHOI and Yuji MURATA
The characteristics of polymer surface can be changed by plasma
treatment. Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) film treated by N2 plasma showed
positive or negative charging tendencies depending on the experimental
condition. From the results obtained by N2 plasma treatment using ultra-high
vacuum system, it was found that charging characteristics is affected by the
residual gas, especially O2 concentration.
29pA6
Streaming Electrification between various Solid Materials and
Insulating oil
Mitsubishi Elebtiric Corporation
Hiroyoshi KITABAYASHI, Kosei
TSUJI and Keiichi ITOH
It is a known fact that streaming electrification takes place
between solid insulators andinsulating oil flowing in
a transformer. In large capacity HV transformers, the streaming electrification
can cause high magnitude electrostatic discharges. In order to achieve highly
reliable transformers, it is important to understand the streaming
electrification phenomenon in transformers. We therefore measured the
electrostatic charging tendency of one type of insulating oil flowing on the
surface of plates made of several kinds of metals and insulating materials.
From these experiments, we obtained the following results. The streaming lectrification of the insulating oil depended on work
functions of the solid materials. When the difference in the work function
between the each material and the insulating oil was large, the charge density
in the insulating oil was large. The equivalent work function of the insulating
oil was about 4.0 - 4.5 eV.
29pA7
Influence of Partial Discharge Pattern on Internal Surface
of an Artificial Cavity on Tree Initiation Properties
*Department of Radiological Technology,
*Kuniharu IMAI and **Yukihiro
KINOSHITA
In this paper, we discussed relationship between partial
discharge on inner surface of an artificial void and tree initiation from its
tip. The tree initiation occurs in area where negative charges are accumulated.
Voltage dependence of time to tree initiation from an artificial void (V-t
characteristic) was obtained. This ependence is
realized as linear characteristics which bend at some applied voltages. Each
linear characteristic is expressed as logt=-nlogV+logA (A:constant number),
which is called a life power low. As an interesting point, the V-t
characteristics become discontinuous at 12kV. This is because partial discharge
patterns on inner surface of the void change from Polbuschel
type to Gleitbuschel type according to the increase
in applied voltage. Shape parameters deduced from Weibull
probability distribution of the time to the tree initiation were obtained. When
the partial discharge pattern was Polbuschel type,
the shape parameters were divided into three different values;
m<1(early/random failure type) in low voltages, m>1(fatigue failure type)
in high voltage. Also the transition voltages of the shape parameters
correspond to those of exponents n in V-t characteristics. On the other hand,
when the partial discharge pattern is Gleitbuschel
type, the shape parameters are divided into two different values; in m>1 low
voltage, m<1 in high voltage. Therefore it is apparent that the mechanism of
the tree initiation from an artificial void is governed by amplitudes of
applied voltages and the partial discharge pattern.
29pA8
Restriction of Tree Degradation by Additive of Aromatic Compound
Faculty of Education,
Megumi ISHIGAKI and Yoshiaki YAMANO
The aromatic compound was added to LDPE with the concentration
of 0.5wt% to restrict the tree propagation in LDPE. The compound used
were anthracene and 9,10 Bromo-anthracene.
AC(50Hz) high voltage was applied to a needle electrode inserted to LDPE block
with the additive. The experimental results show that the tree inception
voltage for the specimen with anthrasene is 2.5 or
3.5 times higher than that for the specimen without additive. The
propagation of tree in LDPE at the tree inception voltage is restricted by the
addition of the compound. The number of pulse in the PD current due to
the tree generation is also decreased by the addition of the compound.
The number of the pulse in the LDPE with anthracene
is 0.2-0.3 times less than that in the LDPE without the additive.
29pA9
Aging on inner surface of an artificial void exposed to partial
discharge
Yukihiro KINOSHITA*, Kuniharu IMAI**
and Yoshihiro HIRAISHI*
In this paper, we discussed degradation process of polymer
caused by partial discharge in an artificial void which improved on Whitehead abc model. Size of aging area on inner surface of the
artificial void increases with time and becomes constant. After that, the size
of the aging area increases steadily. A residual charge distribution (Dust
Figure) on the inner surface of the artificial void was obtained using copy-toner
which attaches to negative charges. The size of the residual charge
distribution increases dramatically and then levels out Tree initiates when the
size of the aging area corresponds to that of the residual charge distribution.
In order to these results, time variation in charges of maximum discharges and
the number of partial discharge pulses in the artificial void were measured.
The charges of maximum discharges are almost constant regardless of time under
application of constant voltages. On the other hand, time variation in the
number of partial discharge pulses in the artificial void is similar to the
change of the aging area size. This result confirmed the number of the partial
discharge pulses concerns deeply with formation of the aging area on the inner
surface of the artificial void.
29aB1
Benzen Decomposition using Ozone and MnO2
Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry
Naohiko GOTO and Satoshi KUDO
MnO2 decomposes O3 and produces O atom. O
atom decomposes C6H6. In this study, C6H6 decomposition
has been investigated using O3 and MnO2. The C6H6
in the N2 is mixed with O3 produced by the ozonizer. When the
mixed gas passes through MnO2, the C6H6 is
decomposed. The amount of C6H6 decomposition
increases with increasing amounts of O3. From the check of
mass balances of C, H, and O, we found that O3 effectively
decomposes C6H6 into CO, CO2, and H2O.
29aB2
Removal of Formaldehyde by DC Streamer Corona Discharge
Karol Hensel, Kazunori Takashima and
Akira Mizuno
Formaldehyde (HCHO) is an air pollutant, which contributes to
the formation of photochemical pollution. In addition, chronic or acute
exposure to formaldehyde (an anticipated carcinogen) constitutes an important
health hazard. Decomposition of formaldehyde by non-thermal plasma of DC
streamer corona discharge was studied experimentally. A combination of plasma
and catalyst for improvement of the decomposition was partially investigated
too.
29aB3
Removal of Fluorocarbons by Surface Discharge Plasma Reactor
with Catalyst and Various Additives
*National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and
Technology **
Atsushi OGATA*, Hyun-Ha KIM*, Hajime KINOSHITA*, Shigeru
FUTAMURA*, Satoshi KUSHIYAMA* and Koichi MIZUNO**
The decomposition of 1% fluorocarbons in Ar
was investigated using a surface-discharge type plasma reactor. In particular,
in order to enhance the effectiveness of plasma chemical processing, we
investigated the effects of catalyst packed in the reactor and second gases
added in the reactant. Removal efficiency increased in the plasma reactor
packed with TiO2 pellets, whereas no positive effect was observed
with Al2O3 or S-Al2O3 pellets.
Furthermore, removal efficiency was also enhanced when the additive gases such
as water, oxygen, and hydrogen introduced to the carrier gas (Ar). The presence of TiO2 and/or a second gas
depressed the formation of byproducts. From product distributions, it was
suggested that those enhancement effects were caused by preventing the
recombination of decomposed fragments.
29aB4
Destruction of Perfluoro Compounds by
Atmospheric Pressure Plasma
Yasutaka INANAGA*, Koji OHOTA*, Noboru WADA*, Masashi DOI*, Kiyohiko YOSHIDA** and Masaki KUZUMOTO*
We estimated the abatement of perfluoro
compound (CF4) by a microwave induced thermal plasma and a narrow gap
silent discharge under an atmospheric pressure experimentally. The
destruction efficiency by thermal plasma (2.8X10(2)eV/molecule) was over ten times higher than that by silent discharge
in the case of the nitrogen dilution.
Near 100% abatement was proved by microwave induced plasma under the wide flow
rate range.
29aB5
Effective Combination of Nonthermal Plasma and Catalyst
*National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and
Technology
Atsushi OGATA, Hajime KABASHIMA, Hisahiro EINAGA, Shigeru FUTAMURA,
Satoshi KUSHIYAMA and Hyun-Ha KIM
The effective combination of plasma energy and solid surface
properties was investigated using packed-bed type catalyst-hybrid and
adsorbent-hybrid reactors that were packed with the mixture of BaTiO3
pellets and other ceramic pellets (catalyst or adsorbent). The plasma reactor
using catalysts indicated the improvement of CO2 selectivity and the
suppression of N2O formation compared with the reactor packed with
BaTiO3 alone. Furthermore, the catalyst and adsorbent positions in
plasma reactor were very important for the induction of surface reaction on the
packed materials. It was found that the catalysts and adsorbent in the plasma
reactor were useful in changing product selectivity and enhancing energy
efficiency.
29aB6
Flue Gas Treatment og Semiconductor
Process using Inductively Coupled Plasma
Dept.Energy Systems
Tomoyuki KUROKI*, Junko
MINE*, Noboru SAEKI**, Masaaki OKUBO* and Toshiaki YAMAMOTO*
CF4 decomposition was investigated at low pressure (~53 Pa)
using the inductive coupled plasma (ICP) reactor, which can be used to generate
remote plasma in wafer etching process and to clean the chamber. When the total
flow rate was below 0.26 SL/min, more than 90% of CF4 decomposition
efficiency was achieved with O2/CF4=1.1, p=40 Pa and
Power=1.2 kW. However, when the total flow rate exceeded 0.26 SL/min, the CF4
decomposition efficiencies decreased. More than 1.25 kW was required in order
to achieve the complete CF4 removal when the total flow rate was
0.24 SL/min, O2/CF4=1.1 and p= 40
29aB7
Generation of Hydrogen
from Methane and Water in a Dielectric-Barrier Discharge-Plasma System
Daido Steel Co.,Ltd.
Kanji IRIE and Takayoshi
The decomposition of CH4 was investigated in a
dielectric-barrier discharge-plasma system. To generate much quantitative
hydrogen, there arose the necessity of big flow rate and high concentration of
source gas, but It loses hydrogen yield according to increasing of flow rate
and concentration. At first it is considered due to the shortage of
reaction volume. But volume dependency can not be improved for 10, 14.5 , 50
diameter reactor. In addition, to expand to long size and volume, double
layered plasma developed failed to increase hydrogen yield. Only corona adopted
and arc adopted reactor showed preferable yield. Focus ring attached arc system
named micro arc jet (MAJ) in which gas flow along electrode methane molecule
move at speed of 100 cm/sec when flow rate is 1L/min. And, reaction time can be
estimated to be shorter than 3msec. it saved expense of electric power from 200
W to 20 W. It is notable 3 W generates 16.5 W for fuel cell.. it is observed
that the curve of flow rate dependency is obviously refined by using Cascade.
29aB8
Steam Reforming of Hydrocarbons with Nonthermal Plasma
National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
Shigeru FUTAMURA, Hajime KABASHIMA and Hisahiro EINAGA
Steam reforming of methane, ethane, propane, and neopentane was investigated withtwo
types of nonthermal plasma reactors. With a ferroelectricpacked-bed
reactor (FPR) in N2, almost the same conversions were obtained for ethane,
propane, and neopentane, but methane wasless reactive than these hydrocarbons. Hydrogen
gas yield decreased in the order: methane ナ ethane > propane > neopentane.
The molar ratio of H2 to CO {[H2]/[CO]} exceeded 3.5 for allthe hydrocarbons. [H2]/[CO] did not change in the
range of H2O content from 0.5 % to 2.5 %. At the volumetric ratio of H2Oto
Hydrocarbon = 2.0, carbon balances were poor for ethane, propane, and neo－ｐｅｎｔａｎｅ, but almost all of the
carbon atoms in the reactedmethane were recovered as
CO and CO2. The selectivities of COand CO2 depended on the chemical structures of
the substrate hydrocarbons. It is considered that the water-gas-shift
reaction proceeds backward for the reaction systems of hydrogen-rich
hydrocarbons. FPR maintained the same performance for 10 h in the steam
reforming of methane. The efficiency of a silent discharge plasma reactor
was much lower than that of FPR.
29aB9
The Role of Gas-phase Reaction in TiO2 Photo Catalyst
The photocatalytic degradation of
Ethylene and Trichloroethylene(TCE) were studied. The ultraviolet and titanium
dioxide (TiO2) was simultaneously utilized to promote their
decompositions. As the results, the main reaction of TCE decomposition is the
gas-phase reaction by ultraviolet and Ethylene decomposition is surface
reaction on photocatalyst. Trichloroethylene promote
Ethylene decomposition by surface reaction on photocatalyst.
When the ultraviolet irradiated on surface of TiO2 particles,
components of decomposed Trichloroethylene promote Ethylene decomposition. The
decomposition reaction of Trichloroethylene was not a chain reaction in
gas-phase.
29aB10
Odor Removal and Regeneration of Filter using Nonthermal Plasma
Dept.Energy Systems
Shinsuke UMEI*, Yoshihumi MORITA*, Noboru SAEKI**, Tomoyuki
KUROKI*, Masaaki OKUBO* and Toshiaki YAMAMOTO*
Hydrophilic monomers are graft-polymerized to the surface of the
cloth after the plasma application. The characteristics of the cloth changes to
breathe moisture and to increase the adsorption of offensive odor
simultaneously．In the
present study，an improved
method for preparing this functional cloth and experimental results of moisture
and odor control properties are studied using a typical odor component NH3．Moreover, the regeneration characteristics of the cloth
used for bag filter was investigated．As a result，the
adsorption efficiency was significantly improved with plasma application and
regeneration of odor removed characteristics of the cloth was confirmed．
29pB1
NOxOxidation/Reduction by Magnetized
Trench Type Dielectric Barrier Discharges
Dept. of Engineering Physics,
Kuniko URASHIMA*, John W. HOARD** and Jen-Shih CHANG*
An experimental investigation has been conducted to enhance
plasma catalytic NO oxidation and reduction by trench type electrode dielectric
barrier discharge (DBD) reactors with and without external magnetic fields. In
a trench type DBD reactor, the discharge occurs at sharp edges near barrier
electrode and major chemical reactions take place at ditch space between each
triangle. Therefore, electrons only contributed radical generations but not
destruct radicals in afterglow regions, hence, effectively used in ozonizer
applications. On the other hand, an electron motion also can be controlled by a
magnetic field (>0.01T) in atmospheric gas pressure and many attempts have
been applied to control corona and barrier discharges. Experiments were
conducted for applied voltage from 0 to 17kV, operating frequency 60 and 7kHz
and gas flow rate from 1 to 10 LPM with and without 0.1T permanent magnets
under simulated exhaust gases. The results show that the effective input energy
to non-thermal plasma increases with applied voltage, operating frequency and
magnetic field intensity and hence the energy efficiency of NO
oxidation/reduction increases with these parameters.
29pB2
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering,
Narukaki SATO*, Tomoyoshi SUMI*,
Seiji
NO density profiles in DC streamer coronas have been
investigated by laser induced fluorescence method. It was found that NO moleculeconcentration decreased not only in the plasma
region created by the streamers but
also in the upstream region of the discharge. In this study, in order to further investigate the upstream region of
the reactor, wider LIF images
were acquired that had a LIF observation area corresponding to the 34cm-long by 5cm-height. As a result, it was found
that NO depletion region spread
over an upstream region with a distance that is a few times of the gap distance. This was due to the higher velocity of
the secondary flow, which squeezed the main gas flow with low velocity.
29pB3
Simultaneous Treatment of Soot and NOx by SPCP Reactor
Faculty of Engineering,
Nobuo HARADA, Tatsushi
We developed an efficient apparatus for gas treatment in which a
ceramic filter and SPCP (Surface corona discharge induced Plasma Chemical
Process) were combined. SPCP is a method to activate a gas-phase chemical
reactions with surface discharge plasma. This method has some advantages such
as stability even under atmospheric pressure and at room temperature, and
simplicity of the reactor structure, and the apparatus constructions. In
this study, the applicability and possibility of this method to treatment of
soot and NOx simultaneously were examined. It was confirmed that soot and
NOx could be removed effectively, simultaneously, and complementary. This
measns that NO2 works as the oxidizer of soot in this
simultaneous treatment of soot and NO2, and therefore soot was
oxidized to the CO2 and CO.
29pB4
Characteristics of NOx Concentration by Zeolite
and NOx Decomposition by Microwave Thermal Plasma
Mitsubishi Electric Corp. Advanced
Masato KURAHASHI, Koji OHTA and Masaki KUZUMOTO
Breakthrough characteristics of NO2 adsorption by H-Y
high-silica zeolite have been studied. H-Y zeolite is
reactivated by heating and decreasing pressure. Desorption gases are
concentrated 14,000 times. Then characteristics of NOx decomposition by microwave thermal plasma
have been studied. NO2
with a concentration of 20% is decomposed into nitrogen and oxygen and decreases to 4%. The energy consumption is
approximately 15eV/molecule.
29pB5
Oxidation of SO2 by Using the Hybrid Reactor of Plasa and Catalyst for New Dry Desulfurization
Process
Ecological Engineering,
HeeJoon KIM*, Yuhei SAKAGUCHI** and Wataru MINAMI*
To find out a new dry-type desulfurization
process with high efficiency and cost performance, a hybrid type reaction
process combining pulsed streamer corona plasma and TiO2 catalyst
was developed in order to oxidize SO2 to SO3. Experiments
of V2O5・K2O・TiO2 surface-reaction with/without plasma was performed
to increase oxidation rate. Experimental results show that the oxidation
fraction of SO2 to SO3 in the catalytic surface reaction
is increased significantly, when plasma was applied to the reaction zone. The
oxidation fraction is decreased by adding H2O of above 0.2% by volume. Hydrogen
peroxide was not promoting oxidation fraction in comparison to the addition of
H2O.
29pB6
Numerical Simulation of NO Decomposition by Streamer Discharge
in N2 at Atmospheric Pressure
Department of Electrical Engineering,
Go YAMADA, Kazuo SHIMIZU ad Tetsuji ODA
Non-thermal plasmas are effective in decomposing toxic gaseous
contaminants in air or combustion gas. However the physical properties of
non-thermal plasmas are not yet sufficiently understood. The streamer propagation
in $N_2$ and $NO$ decomposition phenomena were investigated by using the
one-dimensional numerical simulation technique. Light emission of
second positive band (SPB) and first negative band (FNB) were displayed. Generation
of a large amount of N radicals was
simulated in the streamer head, while low energy level excited species such as N2(A３\Σu+ are made on the surface of each
electrode. Decomposition of NO by N radicals were well demonstrated.
29pB7
Reduction of NO3 on Wet Type Plasma Discharge Using Fe Electrode
Keita SAITO, Youhei KINOSHITA, Naoki
OKUMURA, Kazunori TAKASHIMA, Shinji KATSURA and Akira MIZUNO
NO3- is reduced by electrolysis using Fe electrode in
acid condition, and NH4+ is roduced. In this paper,
NO3- reduction was carried out by discharge plasma using Fe plate.
The underwater discharge reduced NO3- more than the discharge over liquid
surface. Concentration of NH4+ in solution changed with size of the
Fe plate. NH4+ was reduced from NO3- by the discharge
plasma more effectively than electrolysis. Using Al plate and Cu plate on the
contrary, NO3- was not reduced to NH4+.
29pB8
Regeneration of Ciesel Particulate
Filter using Nonthermal Plasma without Catalyst
Dept. Energy Systems
Masaaki OKUBO, Takayuki MIYASHITA, Tomoyuki
KUROKI, Shinichi MIWA* and Toshiaki YAMAMOTO
The regulation for the automotive diesel engine emission becomes
severe every year, and it is difficult to meet the requirement only by the
combustion improvement techniques in the near future. More effective
post-processing technology is desired especially on particulate matter (PM),
such as carbon soots. Although the use of ceramic
diesel particulate filter (DPF) is now a leading technology for PM removal, the
problem exists on the soot removal or regeneration at low temperature,
especially at the cold start. In the present study, a regeneration of DPF with
collected PM was investigated using the low temperature atmospheric pressure
nonthermal plasma. The method is to use the NO2 and radicals induced
by the plasma reactor to burn carbon soots deposited
on DPF. First, three types of DPF plasma reactors were made and the
performances on the conversion of NO to NO2 were evaluated on
various conditions. Next, a regeneration experiment was carried out using a
barrier type pulse corona plasma reactor. As a result, it was confirmed that
the pressure difference decreased only when the plasma was turned on and the
regeneration of DPF was realized less than 250°C
29pB9
Nox Removal Using Discharge Plasma and Electric Conduction
Zhenzhou SU, Jun SAWADA,
Kazunori TAKASHIMA, Shinji KATSURA and Akira MIZUNO
A novel reduction process for deNOx
was investigated in this study. The reactor was consisted by two part; the
discharge plasma reactor and the adsorption cell. The NO was oxidized to NOx
using the pulsed discharge plasma. Then, the removal of NOx was realized by the
adsorption to the ganma alumina and the alkali metal.
To keep the activity of the adsorbents, a method using the electric conduction
was tested in this work. In the NOx oxidation process, about 70% to 90% of NO
(initial concentration of 400ppm) was oxidized to NO2 by the pulsed discharge
plasma with the specific input energy of 45J/L, and about 95% of NO2 was
adsorbed on the adsorbents. When the DC voltage was applied to the wet
adsorbents, the nitrate ion was moved to the anode side of the absorption cell
by the electric conduction, and the sodium ion was moved to the cathode side.
29aC1
A Capacitive Type of Electrostatic Induction Spraying Nozzle
School of Electronic & Electrical Engineering, Kyungpook National Univ., * National Agricultural
Mechanization Research Institute, ** Dept. of Agricultural Machinery
Engineering, Chungbuk National Univ.,
Jong-Hoon
Lee, Jae-Duk Moon, *Tae-Gyoung
Kang, *Dong-Hyeon Lee, and **Kwang-Seok Yon
Many toxic pesticides are dispensed for the protection of food
crops from pests in farm fields. Greater than 90% of pesticides are commonly
applied as aqueous-based sprays. When dispensed with conventional nozzles, a
large portion of the spray is often lost as airborne drifts of droplets. In
addition, there is a lack of deposition onto the plants due to the rapid
gravitational settling of droplets beneath the soil surface. Thus, target
deposition efficiencies poorer than 25% are often encountered in agricultural
pesticides. An electrostatic spraying technology offers a very favorable means
of increasing pesticide droplet deposition onto biological surfaces of living
crops
In this paper, a new capacitive type of electrostatic spraying
nozzle, which utilizes a ring induction electrode installed on the outside of a
nozzle frame cone and a pulsed voltage, is proposed and studied experimentally.
The results of this study indicate that the proposed capacitive type of
electrostatic spraying nozzle showed a large current deposition of aqueous
sprays on the sample target. Thus, it has promise to be applied as an effective
electrostatic spraying nozzle.
29aC2
Thermally Stimulated Current Spectra of Hot Pressed Powder Paint
Compacts
Masayuki KARASHIMA and Kazuo IKEZAKI
We Examined thermally stimulated current(TSC) spectra of
commercial powder paints compacts which were pressed at a compacting pressure
of 0.16MPa under different compacting temperatures ranging from 50 ℃ to 100℃. Observed TSC spectra have a large band BH peaked around 70℃ for relatively low compacting temperatures, while the
peak temperature of this BH band shifted to the low temperature side and a new
TSC band BL appeared around 50℃ when the compacting temperature increased. The peak temperature
of the new TSC band corresponds to that of the melt-cast sample at 110℃. The newly observed TSC band BL was explained in terms
of inter-particle polymer chain diffusion.
29aC3
Free Ion Absorption Characteristics of an Irrigated Grid Using
for Absolute Measurement of Q/M Ratio of Charged Paint Particles from
*Zao ES Laboratory, **Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering,
Tokyo University of
Agriculture and Technology, ***I. D. P., Inc. "
Mitsuru MATSUI*, Koichi FUJIBAYASHI** and Tsutomu
ITO***
A stream of paint particles blown from corona charged powder
applicator is accompanied by a lot of free ions generated from corona
discharge. To realize absolute measurement of charge to mass ratio of the
particles, therefore the free ions must be removed from the stream before these
arrive to the particle collector. This paper describes design of a grid
electrode to extract the free ions from the stream and its ion absorption
characteristics. The grid electrode is made of stainless steel wires of
0.3 mm in diameter and arranged in parallel at uniform intervals of 10 mm, and
whose each wire is irrigated with water so as to remove the powder particles
deposited on its surface
29aC4
Stabilization of Characteristics of Electrostatic Separation
System of a PET Bottle in the Form of FlakesTokyo
Metropolitan Industrial Technology Research Institute
Yasuo TONOYA, Katsumi YAMAMOTO and Hiroshi SHIGEMATSU Waste PET bottles are converted into PET flakes as recycling materials in processing industry. Waste PVC bottle flakes are generally mixed into waste PET bottle flakes as an impure ingredient. It is indispensable for recycling PET bottles flakes to remove PVC bottles flakes from the mixed plastic waste. The authors made the electrostatic separation system of a PET bottle flakes. The electrostatic chargeability of plastics is